ATI RN
Genitourinary System Questions
Question 1 of 5
A 38-year-old woman is undergoing a breast examination. During the examination, the nurse palpates a lump that is hard, fixed, and irregular. The nurse's most appropriate action would be to:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Perform a biopsy to assess for malignancy. The characteristics of the lump (hard, fixed, irregular) raise suspicion for malignancy. A biopsy is necessary to definitively determine if the lump is cancerous. Monitoring for changes (A), scheduling an ultrasound (C), or referring for a mammogram (D) may provide additional information, but a biopsy is the gold standard for diagnosing breast cancer.
Question 2 of 5
Which of the following is true of the vasculature of kidneys?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because blood vessels enter and exit the kidney at the renal hilum, which is where the renal pelvis becomes the ureter. This is important for renal blood supply and urine drainage. A: Renal arteries are posterior to the renal veins, not anterior. C: The left renal artery is shorter and lower than the right renal artery due to the position of the aorta. D: The left renal vein is longer and higher than the right renal vein, as it has a longer course to reach the inferior vena cava.
Question 3 of 5
Filtration of blood occurs in the renal corpuscles. Which of the following is not part of the renal corpuscles?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Vasa Recta. The Vasa Recta is a network of blood vessels that surrounds the loop of Henle in the kidney medulla, but it is not part of the renal corpuscles. The renal corpuscles consist of the Bowman's capsule, the glomerulus, and the glomerular basement membrane. Bowman's capsule surrounds the glomerulus, and the glomerular basement membrane lies between the Bowman's capsule and the glomerulus, allowing for filtration of blood. Therefore, the Vasa Recta is not part of the renal corpuscles.
Question 4 of 5
A 60-year-old male has come to the clinic for a follow-up visit. Six months ago, he was started on a new medication. The class of medication is most likely to cause impotence as a side effect; therefore, medication classes explored by the nurse are:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, Antihypertensives. Antihypertensive medications are known to commonly cause impotence as a side effect due to their impact on blood flow and circulation. This can affect erectile function in males. Antipyretics (A) are used to reduce fever, bronchodilators (B) are used to treat respiratory conditions, and corticosteroids (C) are anti-inflammatory medications. These classes of medications are not typically associated with impotence as a side effect.
Question 5 of 5
Which of the following antibiotics requires close monitoring and dosing adjustment in a patient with liver disease?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Vancomycin. Vancomycin requires close monitoring and dosing adjustment in patients with liver disease because it is primarily eliminated by the kidneys, but can also be partially metabolized by the liver. In liver disease, the liver's ability to metabolize drugs may be impaired, leading to potential toxic levels of vancomycin in the body. Erythromycin (A) can also be affected by liver disease, but it mainly requires dose adjustment in severe liver impairment. Gentamycin (B) is primarily eliminated through the kidneys and does not require dose adjustment in liver disease. Penicillin G (D) is mainly excreted through the kidneys and does not require dose adjustment in liver disease.