A 38-year-old patient who has type 1 diabetes plans to swim laps daily at 1:00 PM. The clinic nurse will plan to teach the patient to

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because the patient with type 1 diabetes should check glucose levels before, during, and after swimming to monitor for fluctuations and adjust insulin or food intake accordingly. This allows for better glycemic control and prevents hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia during and after swimming. Choice B is incorrect because delaying eating can lead to hypoglycemia during swimming due to increased insulin action without adequate glucose intake. Choice C is incorrect as increasing NPH insulin dose without monitoring glucose levels can result in hypoglycemia during exercise. Choice D is incorrect because timing the insulin injection for peak action while swimming can also lead to hypoglycemia if glucose levels are not monitored.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because metformin is typically held before a coronary angiogram due to the risk of lactic acidosis. This information is crucial for the health care provider to know to prevent potential complications during the procedure. Option A is not as urgent as the patient's current medication status. Option B is less relevant as it does not impact the procedure directly. Option D is important but not as critical as knowing the status of metformin intake. Reporting the patient's current medication, especially metformin, is vital for ensuring patient safety during the coronary angiogram.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B (as soon as possible) because individuals with type 2 diabetes are at risk for diabetic retinopathy, a complication that can lead to vision loss. Early detection through a dilated eye exam allows for timely intervention to prevent or slow down progression. Choice A (every 2 years) may not be frequent enough for early detection. Choice C (when the patient is 39 years old) is not specific to the individual's diabetes diagnosis. Choice D (within the first year after diagnosis) is too delayed for optimal monitoring. Thus, scheduling a dilated eye exam as soon as possible is crucial for early detection and management of diabetic retinopathy.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Potassium 5.8 mEq/L. In hypovolemia, there is a decrease in blood volume leading to electrolyte imbalances. Potassium levels outside the normal range can be life-threatening, causing cardiac arrhythmias. Therefore, a potassium level of 5.8 mEq/L is a priority to report to the provider for prompt intervention. Rationale for why the other choices are incorrect: A: BUN within the normal range. It may indicate dehydration but not immediately life-threatening. C: Creatinine slightly elevated, indicating kidney function impairment but not as critical as potassium imbalance. D: Sodium within acceptable range, not an immediate concern in hypovolemia.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because the presence of ketones in the urine may indicate dehydration or infection, which can lead to catheter obstruction. Irrigation may be needed to clear the catheter and prevent further complications. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because an unusual odor, high specific gravity, and a significant amount of urine in the bladder do not necessarily indicate the need for catheter irrigation.