ATI RN
Lifespan Pharmacology Questions
Question 1 of 4
A 38-year-old businessman is on a trip to Mexico when he develops diarrhea. He has to give a presentation in a few hours and needs rapid relief. He takes an antidiarrheal preparation containing diphenoxylate. Which of the following describes diphenoxylate’s mechanism of action?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.
Question 2 of 4
A 27-year-old man was prescribed with an antidepressant for his insomnia. He now presents to the emergency department with priapism of 3 h duration. Which antidepressant was he likely taking?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: is commonly prescribed off-label for insomnia due to its sedative effects and is notoriously associated with priapism, a prolonged and painful erection, due to its α-adrenergic blockade and serotonergic properties. Bupropion has a low incidence of sexual side effects and is stimulating, not sedating. Duloxetine (an SNRI) and sertraline (an SSRI) can cause sexual dysfunction but rarely priapism. Imipramine, a tricyclic antidepressant, has anticholinergic effects but is less linked to priapism than trazodone.
Question 3 of 4
A 21-year-old woman comes to the physician for counseling prior to conception. She delivered a female newborn with anencephaly 1 year ago. The newborn died at the age of 4 days. She asks the physician if she can take any vitamins to decrease her risk for conceiving a fetus with anencephaly. It is most appropriate for the physician to recommend which of the following vitamins?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Folic acid supplementation (0.4-4 mg daily) reduces the risk of neural tube defects (NTDs) like anencephaly, which results from failure of neural tube closure. Her prior NTD-affected pregnancy increases recurrence risk, making folic acid critical preconception. Biotin (A), thiamine (C), riboflavin (D), pyridoxine (E), and B₁₂ (F) don’t prevent NTDs; B₁₂ deficiency causes other defects, not anencephaly.
Question 4 of 4
The nurse is monitoring a patient taking furosemide for heart failure. Which electrolyte imbalance must the nurse be alert for?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Furosemide, a loop diuretic, increases potassium excretion in the loop of Henle, commonly causing hypokalemia in heart failure patients. This can lead to arrhythmias, a critical concern. Hyperkalemia occurs with potassium-sparing diuretics, hypernatremia is rare with furosemide, and hyponatremia is less common than hypokalemia.