ATI RN
NCLEX questions on chemotherapy drugs Questions
Question 1 of 5
A 37-year-old man with a schizophrenia presents to the emergency room with worsening symptoms. He has been hearing voices in his head that tell him to hurt other people. He is scared by these thoughts and wants help. He is currently taking risperidone. The physician changes him to clozapine. What should the physician monitor while the patient is taking clozapine?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Clozapine requires monitoring of complete blood counts due to the risk of agranulocytosis, a potentially fatal drop in white blood cells, critical in schizophrenia management.
Question 2 of 5
When comparing the effects of overdose of meperidine and morphine in the emergency department evaluation of patients, which of the following features would be characteristic of meperidine overdose?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Meperidine overdose can cause pupillary dilation due to its metabolite normeperidine’s neurotoxic effects, unlike morphine, which typically causes miosis.
Question 3 of 5
A 28-year-old man presents to the emergency department with diarrhea for the past 2 days. He went on a camping trip 10 days ago. His loose stools are foul smelling and have been associated with abdominal pain and nausea. Stool analysis shows cysts. What is the most appropriate treatment?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Metronidazole treats Giardia lamblia, a protozoan causing diarrhea with cysts from contaminated water (e.g., camping), disrupting DNA in anaerobic organisms.
Question 4 of 5
An 8-year-old boy presents to the clinic with an extremely itchy rash for the past 2 days. He is the fourth student from his class to present with the same symptoms. The rash is across his hands, wrists, and elbows bilaterally. Small erythematous papules with obvious burrows, which look like insect bites, are aligned in 8-cm segments. What is the most appropriate treatment?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Permethrin is the first-line treatment for scabies (Sarcoptes scabiei), killing mites and eggs, addressing the itchy rash with burrows seen in outbreaks.
Question 5 of 5
A 21-year-old woman college student presents to an urgent care clinic with vaginal discharge for the past 3 days. The whitish discharge has a foul odor. A wet prep of the discharge shows squamous cells surrounded by rod-shaped bacteria. The addition of KOH produces a positive whiff test. What is the most appropriate for this patient?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Metronidazole treats bacterial vaginosis (Gardnerella vaginalis), characterized by clue cells, foul odor, and positive whiff test, targeting anaerobic bacteria.