A 37-year-old man is found to have hypercholesterolemia during a routine checkup. The physician prescribes lovastatin and counsels the patient to make healthy dietary and lifestyle changes to keep his cholesterol under control. Two weeks later, he returns complaining of severe muscle pain, possibly caused by his lovastatin therapy. He insists that he is taking the medication exactly as prescribed, but the physician knows that lovastatin is metabolized by the cytochrome P450 3A4. What else may he be using that would explain his condition?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Lovastatin's myopathy (muscle pain) suggests a CYP3A4 interaction. Grapefruit juice inhibits CYP3A4, increasing lovastatin levels, causing toxicity. Barbiturates , Griseofulvin , and Phenytoin induce CYP3A4, reducing levels. St. John's wort (E) also induces. Grapefruit juice fits the timeline and mechanism, explaining the adverse effect.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The clinical features of inflammation are known by the Latin terms "rubor" (redness), "calor" (heat), "tumor" (swelling), and "dolor" (pain). These are classic signs of inflammation that occur in response to tissue injury or infection. "Bacterial invasion" is not a clinical feature, but rather a cause of inflammation. Bacterial invasion can lead to the activation of the inflammatory response, resulting in the characteristic signs of inflammation such as redness, heat, swelling, and pain.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: A blood type and crossmatch are essential before a whole blood transfusion to ensure compatibility between the donor and recipient. This process involves determining the patient's blood type (ABO and Rh) and testing for antibodies that could cause a transfusion reaction. A complete blood count and differential are not required for transfusion preparation. Blood culture and sensitivity are used to diagnose infections, not for transfusion compatibility. Therefore, blood type and crossmatch are the correct steps.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: It is important for the nurse to include instructions for monitoring weight as a part of discharge teaching for a patient receiving furosemide (Lasix) because this medication is a diuretic that helps the body get rid of extra water and salt. Monitoring weight can provide important information about fluid status. A weight gain of more than 1 lb in a day or 2-3 lbs in a week should be reported to the healthcare provider as it may indicate fluid retention or worsening heart failure. This can help prevent complications and ensure appropriate management of the patient's condition.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Flumazenil reverses benzo overdose (e.g., lorazepam) by blocking GABA receptors, countering sedation, per emergency protocol. Pralidoxime treats organophosphates. Naloxone and nalmefene target opioids, not benzos. Flumazenil fits, addressing overdose specifically.