ATI RN
Pharmacology/Lifespan Considerations Questions
Question 1 of 4
A 37-year-old man complains of chest pain after meals. He says this pain has gone on for a few months, and he gets only minimal relief from antacid tablets. The physician prescribes a drug that will decrease the amount of acid secreted by blocking a histamine receptor. Which of the following drugs works by this mechanism?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.
Question 2 of 4
A 23-year-old man with HIV infection has Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumoniTherapy is started with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and his pneumonia resolves. The pharmacotherapy was effective because of inhibition of which of the following?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) treats Pneumocystis jirovecii by sequentially inhibiting folate synthesis. Sulfamethoxazole blocks PABA incorporation into folic acid, while trimethoprim inhibits dihydrofolate reductase (B), preventing tetrahydrofolate production essential for DNA synthesis in the pathogen. Cell wall synthesis is targeted by beta-lactams, not TMP-SMX. PABA incorporation is inhibited by sulfamethoxazole, but the question emphasizes the final effective step. Sterol incorporation relates to antifungals like amphotericin, and topoisomerase II (E) to quinolones.
Question 3 of 4
A 17-year-old girl is brought to the physician by her parents 30 minutes after having a generalized tonic-clonic seizure while playing in a soccer game. She currently takes no medications. Physical examination shows no abnormalities. After further testing including 24-hour continuous EEG monitoring, carbamazepine is prescribeThis patient's use of additional medications should be monitored because of which of the following changes in drug disposition after starting pharmacotherapy?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Carbamazepine induces hepatic cytochrome P450 enzymes (e.g., CYP3A4), increasing metabolism of itself (autoinduction) and other drugs, potentially reducing their efficacy. This requires monitoring co-administered medications (e.g., contraceptives, warfarin). Absorption (A), distribution (B), excretion (C), and recirculation (E) are not primarily affected by carbamazepine’s enzyme induction.
Question 4 of 4
What should the nurse include when teaching a patient regarding the use of omeprazole?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Omeprazole, a proton pump inhibitor, is most effective when taken before meals (b), ideally 30-60 minutes prior, to inhibit acid secretion during food-stimulated gastric activity. After meals or with meals reduces efficacy, and while it can be taken regardless of other meds (d), timing with meals is critical for optimal effect. Note: Answer key says (a), but is correct per clinical guidelines.