ATI RN
Pharmacology and the Nursing Process 9th Edition Test Bank Questions
Question 1 of 5
A 36-year-old man is scheduled for a unilateral orchiectomy for treatment of testicular cancer. He is withdrawn and does not interact with the nurse. Which action is most appropriate?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for choosing answer D as correct: 1. Acknowledges patient's withdrawn behavior 2. Demonstrates empathy and concern 3. Open-ended question allows patient to express feelings 4. Encourages patient to communicate concerns Summary: - Option A assumes a specific problem without patient input - Option B focuses on verbalization, not necessarily addressing underlying concerns - Option C makes assumptions about patient's worries without allowing him to express himself
Question 2 of 5
The most common buffer system in the body is the:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, the bicarbonate-carbonic system. This buffer system is crucial in maintaining the body's pH balance. When CO2 combines with water in the blood, it forms carbonic acid, which dissociates into bicarbonate ions and hydrogen ions. Bicarbonate acts as a base, accepting excess hydrogen ions to prevent a decrease in pH. Hemoglobin and plasma proteins primarily function as transport molecules, not as buffer systems. Phosphate buffer system is present in intracellular fluids, not as commonly in the body. The bicarbonate-carbonic system is the most prevalent buffer system in the blood and plays a vital role in regulating blood pH.
Question 3 of 5
A client with ascites has a paracentesis, and 1500 ml of fluid is removed. Immediately following the procedure it is most important for the nurse to observe for:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: A rapid, thready pulse. After paracentesis, rapid removal of ascitic fluid can lead to a decrease in intravascular volume, causing hypovolemia and subsequent compensatory mechanisms like tachycardia (rapid pulse). This is a crucial sign that the nurse should monitor for early detection of hypovolemia. B: Decreased peristalsis is not directly related to paracentesis and is not an immediate concern post-procedure. C: Respiratory congestion is not a common complication of paracentesis and is not the most immediate concern. D: An increased temperature is not a typical response to paracentesis and is not a priority observation post-procedure.
Question 4 of 5
A pregnant client with hypertension and cardiac dysrhythmias is admitted to the hospital. Which of the following imbalances should the nurse check for?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Hypomagnesemia. 1. Hypertension and cardiac dysrhythmias can be exacerbated by low magnesium levels. 2. Magnesium plays a crucial role in maintaining normal heart rhythm and blood pressure. 3. Hypomagnesemia can lead to cardiac arrhythmias and worsen hypertension. 4. Metabolic acidosis (A) is not directly related to hypertension and dysrhythmias. 5. Hypernatremia (B) and hypercalcemia (D) are less likely to be associated with cardiac issues in this context. In summary, checking for hypomagnesemia is essential due to its direct impact on the client's hypertension and cardiac dysrhythmias.
Question 5 of 5
The physician orders furosemide (Lasix) 40 mg IV STAT for an acutely fluid-overloaded patient. Why was the IV route likely chosen?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: IV is the route of choice for rapid administration. IV route allows for quick onset of action, crucial in acutely fluid-overloaded patients needing immediate diuresis. Option A is incorrect as furosemide can be given orally too. Option C is less relevant in this urgent situation where speed is key. Option D is also incorrect as the side effects are not determined by route of administration.