ATI RN
Intro to Pharmacology ATI Questions
Question 1 of 5
A 36-year-old man is brought to the emergency department after being involved in a one-car motor vehicle accident where his car struck a telephone pole. He is a known chronic alcoholic. He smells alcohol on his breath, and his blood alcohol level is 300 mg/dL. Which of the following treatments should be given to him if he goes into alcohol withdrawal?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Alcohol withdrawal in a chronic alcoholic (300 mg/dL) requires lorazepam . This benzodiazepine mimics alcohol's GABA enhancement, preventing seizures and agitation. Buspirone treats anxiety, not withdrawal. Pentobarbital is excessive. Phenytoin targets seizures alone. Saline (E) supports but doesn't treat. Lorazepam's safety is key.
Question 2 of 5
The client receives nystatin (Nilstat) for a fungal infection in the mouth. The nurse plans to do medication education prior to discharge. What will the best plan by the nurse include?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Nystatin is an antifungal used for oral candidiasis (thrush), and its effectiveness depends on proper administration. For oral infections, the medication must remain in contact with the affected mucosal surfaces as long as possible. Dissolving the tablet in the mouth ensures prolonged exposure to the fungus, allowing it to act locally before swallowing, which is the recommended method for tablets or lozenges. Using a straw might apply to suspensions but isn't standard for preventing discoloration, which isn't a primary concern with nystatin. Crushing and mixing with juice alters the drug's intended delivery, reducing contact time with the infection site. Swallowing whole bypasses the oral mucosa entirely, rendering it ineffective for thrush. Thus, choice A aligns with nystatin's mechanism, ensuring optimal therapeutic outcomes through direct mucosal contact.
Question 3 of 5
The physician orders penicillin for a female client who has a sinus infection. What is a priority question to ask the client prior to administering the medication?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Penicillin, a beta-lactam antibiotic, is generally safe (Category B) but requires pregnancy status clarification before administration. Pregnancy alters drug metabolism and dosing, and while penicillin poses minimal fetal risk, confirming status ensures no hypersensitivity or rare contraindications are overlooked, prioritizing maternal and fetal safety. Future pregnancy plans are less immediate, affecting long-term considerations, not current use. Breastfeeding matters due to minimal excretion in milk, but it's secondary to current pregnancy. Birth control interaction is negligible with penicillin, unlike other antibiotics. Asking 'Are you pregnant?' addresses the most urgent safety concern, aligning with nursing's role in preventing adverse outcomes, making A the priority question before initiating therapy.
Question 4 of 5
The client is receiving warfarin (Coumadin) for a deep vein thrombosis. Which food should the nurse instruct the client to avoid in large amounts?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Warfarin, an anticoagulant, inhibits vitamin K-dependent clotting factors. Spinach is high in vitamin K, which can counteract warfarin's effect, reducing its efficacy and increasing clot risk if consumed in large amounts. The nurse must instruct avoidance to maintain therapeutic INR levels. Potatoes and bananas have minimal vitamin K and don't significantly affect warfarin. Chicken is protein-rich, not vitamin K-rich, posing no issue. Consistent vitamin K intake is key, but large amounts of spinach could destabilize anticoagulation, risking thrombus progression. This aligns with warfarin's pharmacodynamics, where dietary education prevents therapeutic failure. Potatoes, bananas, and chicken lack this interaction, making spinach the priority to limit. Thus, A is the correct choice, ensuring the client understands how to support treatment efficacy and safety through diet management.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse is caring for a client receiving warfarin (Coumadin). Which instruction should the nurse include?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.