A 36-week gestation gravid lies flat on her back.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is B) Dizziness. When a 36-week gestation gravid lies flat on her back, she may experience dizziness due to the supine hypotensive syndrome. This condition occurs because the weight of the uterus compresses the inferior vena cava when the mother is in a supine position, leading to decreased venous return and cardiac output, resulting in dizziness. Option A) Hypertension is incorrect because lying flat on the back does not typically cause hypertension in this context. Option C) Rales refers to abnormal crackling sounds heard on auscultation of the lungs and is not directly related to the scenario described. Option D) Chloasma is a skin condition characterized by hyperpigmentation, which is unrelated to the positional change described in the question. Educationally, it is crucial for healthcare providers to be aware of the potential complications associated with maternal positioning, especially in advanced maternal age pregnancies. Understanding the physiological changes that occur during pregnancy and how they can impact maternal well-being is essential for providing safe and effective care to pregnant individuals. By recognizing the signs and symptoms of supine hypotensive syndrome, healthcare providers can take appropriate measures to ensure maternal comfort and safety during pregnancy.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In the context of advanced maternal age monitoring in pharmacology, discussing sexual intimacy with a pregnant couple is crucial for providing comprehensive care. Option C, which states that the couple may find it necessary to experiment with alternate positions, is the correct choice. This is important because as the pregnancy progresses, certain positions may become uncomfortable or risky for the mother and the fetus. Encouraging the couple to explore different positions can help maintain their sexual relationship while ensuring the safety and comfort of the pregnant woman. Option A, stating that vaginal intercourse should cease by the beginning of the third trimester, is incorrect. While some modifications may be necessary as the pregnancy advances, intercourse is generally safe throughout pregnancy unless there are specific complications identified by the healthcare provider. Option B, discouraging breast fondling due to the potential for preterm labor, is also incorrect. Breast stimulation is not typically associated with preterm labor unless the pregnant woman is at risk or has a history of preterm labor. It is essential to provide accurate information to avoid unnecessary anxiety or restrictions on the couple's intimacy. Option D, suggesting the sparing use of vaginal lubricant throughout pregnancy, is not directly related to the discussion of sexual intimacy with a pregnant couple. While adequate lubrication can enhance comfort during intercourse, the general guidance is to use water-based lubricants that are safe during pregnancy. In an educational context, it is essential for healthcare providers to address sensitive topics like sexual intimacy during pregnancy with evidence-based information. By providing accurate guidance, nurses can support the physical and emotional well-being of pregnant individuals and their partners, fostering open communication and a trusting relationship between the healthcare team and the couple.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is option C: "It would be even better if you were to consume more whole fruits and less fruit juice." This response is the most important communication for the nurse to make because it addresses the client's current fruit intake pattern and provides a constructive suggestion for improvement. Option A is incorrect because consuming only one piece of fruit and a 12 oz glass of fruit juice per day may not be sufficient to meet all daily fruit requirements, especially during pregnancy when increased nutrient intake is crucial. Option B is also incorrect because while fruit juices can contain folic acid, whole fruits are generally a better source of essential nutrients like fiber and vitamins. Option D is incorrect as well because it inaccurately states that the client's fruit intake far exceeds recommended levels when, in fact, it may be suboptimal due to the reliance on fruit juice over whole fruits. From an educational perspective, it is important for the nurse to emphasize the benefits of consuming whole fruits over fruit juice as whole fruits provide more fiber, vitamins, and minerals while being lower in added sugars. Encouraging a varied and balanced fruit intake is essential for meeting the increased nutritional needs of pregnant women, promoting overall health and well-being during pregnancy.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the context of pharmacology, understanding nutrition is essential for overall health and well-being, especially for pregnant women of advanced maternal age. In this question focusing on serving sizes from the grain group, the correct answer is B) 1 slice of bread. The rationale behind this is that a standard serving size from the grain group is considered to be equivalent to one ounce, and typically one slice of bread equals one ounce. Therefore, choosing one slice of bread as the correct answer aligns with the recommended serving size. Option A) 1 bagel is incorrect because a standard bagel is usually much larger than one ounce, often weighing around 4-5 ounces, which would exceed the serving size. Option C) 1 cup of cooked pasta is also incorrect as one cup of cooked pasta usually weighs around 2-3 ounces, exceeding the one-ounce serving size. Option D) 1 tortilla is incorrect as a standard tortilla is typically larger than one ounce, with most tortillas weighing around 1.5 to 2 ounces each. Educationally, understanding serving sizes in different food groups is crucial for maintaining a balanced diet. This knowledge helps individuals, including pregnant women of advanced maternal age, make informed choices about their nutrition, promoting overall health and potentially reducing the risk of certain health complications. By grasping serving sizes, individuals can better manage their calorie intake and ensure they are meeting their nutritional needs.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the context of pharmacology and maternal health, addressing pica (the craving and consumption of non-food substances) is crucial to ensure the well-being of both the mother and the developing fetus. When suggesting alternatives to someone practicing pica, it is important to consider nutritional value, safety, and the potential impact on the pregnancy. Option B, replacing ice with frozen fruit juice, is the correct choice because it provides a safe and potentially nutritious alternative to satisfy the craving for something cold and crunchy. Frozen fruit juice can offer vitamins and minerals, unlike ice which lacks any nutritional value. This substitution can help address the underlying deficiencies or cravings driving the pica behavior. Options A, C, and D are incorrect choices because they do not address the nutritional deficiencies or safety concerns associated with pica. Substituting laundry starch with salt, soap with cream cheese, or soil with uncooked pie crust does not provide a healthier or safer alternative for someone practicing pica. In fact, these substitutions may introduce new risks or health hazards, especially during pregnancy. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of understanding pica in the context of maternal health and the role of healthcare providers, particularly nurses, in addressing and managing this condition. By selecting the correct alternative, nurses can support pregnant individuals in making healthier choices to meet their cravings while safeguarding their well-being and that of their unborn child.