A 35-year-old man with HIV disease presents to the emergency department with a severe headache and fever for the past 6 h. His fever was measured to be 103°F. He also has chills, stiff neck, and nausea. He is diagnosed with Cryptococcus neoformans meningitis and started on amphotericin B. What is the mechanism of action of amphotericin B?

A 35-year-old man with HIV disease presents to the emergency department with a severe headache and fever for the past 6 h. His fever was measured to be 103°F. He also has chills, stiff neck, and nausea. He is diagnosed with Cryptococcus neoformans meningitis and started on amphotericin B. What is the mechanism of action of amphotericin B?

A 5-year-old male patient’s parents complain of recurring fever in their son over the course of a month. Past medical history is significant for easy bruisability. A CBC reveals a white blood cell count of 30,000 cells per microliter. A bone marrow biopsy confirms the diagnosis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. This child is started on a chemotherapeutic regimen. Which of the following chemotherapy drugs interferes with DNA synthesis after its metabolite is incorporated into the growing DNA strand?

A 66-year-old man with a history of gout was recently diagnosed with non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Because of frequent gout attacks, he has been placed on allopurinol. He is started on medication for his lymphoma, and shortly after, he develops GI upset and elevated liver enzymes. Because of taking allopurinol, what medication should have been avoided in this patient?

A 47-year-old woman with a rheumatoid arthritis comes to clinic for her annual visit. Her arthritis has not worsened over the past 6 months since starting on infliximab. Her arthritis is worst in the joints of her hands. After her morning stiffness ceases, she can usually go through the rest of the day with minimal pain. What is the mechanism of action of infliximab?

A 37-year-old man with a schizophrenia presents to the emergency room with worsening symptoms. He has been hearing voices in his head that tell him to hurt other people. He is scared by these thoughts and wants help. He is currently taking risperidone. The physician changes him to clozapine. What should the physician monitor while the patient is taking clozapine?