ATI RN
ABVD chemotherapy drugs Questions
Question 1 of 5
A 35-year-old male with ulcerative colitis has recently been diagnosed with colon cancer. He needs to have a partial colectomy to remove the distal portion of the colon. The patient has no other medical problems. What antibiotic is most appropriate prior to his upcoming colectomy?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Neomycin, an oral aminoglycoside, is used for bowel preparation before colectomy to reduce gut flora, minimizing postoperative infection risk.
Question 2 of 5
A 31-year-old G3P2002 woman is 30 weeks pregnant and presents for her routine checkup. She has known HIV disease, which she did not have during her two other pregnancies. Her viral load is 1,000 and CD4 count is 455. In order to decrease the likelihood of transmission of HIV disease to her baby, she has been advised to have a cesarean section, not breastfeed, and take an antiviral for HIV disease. What HIV disease medication has been proven to decrease the likelihood of the transmission of HIV disease from the mother to the fetus?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Zidovudine (AZT) is proven to reduce mother-to-child HIV transmission when given during pregnancy, labor, and to the newborn, significantly lowering perinatal infection rates.
Question 3 of 5
A 33-year-old man undergoes sinus surgery under general anesthesia. Which of the following anesthetic agents exits the body most quickly after administration?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Nitrous oxide has a low blood/gas partition coefficient, leading to rapid elimination via exhalation, exiting the body quickly after administration.
Question 4 of 5
A 42-year-old woman presents to the emergency department with vaginal bleeding for the past 2 days. Her last menstrual period was 1 week ago and has had regular cycles. She has a history of a hydatidiform mole 8 years ago. A β-hCG is 20,000. The diagnosis of choriocarcinoma is made and she is started on methotrexate. What is the mechanism of action of methotrexate?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Methotrexate inhibits dihydrofolate reductase, blocking folate metabolism and thus DNA synthesis, highly effective against choriocarcinoma.
Question 5 of 5
A 70-year-old man presents to clinic because of low-grade fever for the past 2 weeks. He otherwise feels well. On exam, the physician is able to palpate an enlarged spleen. A complete blood count shows a WBC count of 43,000/μL. A peripheral blood smear confirms the diagnosis of chronic myelogenous leukemia. Chromosomal studies are positive for the Philadelphia chromosome. What is the mechanism of action of the medication given to halt the progression of the disease?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Imatinib, used for CML with Philadelphia chromosome (BCR-ABL fusion), is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, blocking the aberrant kinase activity driving leukemic cell proliferation.