ATI RN
ATI Pharmacology Practice A Questions
Question 1 of 9
A 34-year-old man with seasonal allergic rhinitis that has been refractory to oral antihistamines is now placed on Singulair, a leukotriene receptor blocker, to see if this will improve symptoms. Important interactions with this medication include which of the following?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Singulair (montelukast) interacts with rifampin , a CYP3A4 inducer that reduces montelukast levels, decreasing efficacy. Ampicillin , chloramphenicol , and tetracycline lack significant interactions. Rifampin's effect is key in refractory rhinitis.
Question 2 of 9
Which class of targeted therapy would cause the nurse the most concern in regard to a possible infusion reaction?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Monoclonal antibodies, such as trastuzumab and rituximab, are more likely to cause infusion reactions compared to other classes of targeted therapy. These reactions can range from mild symptoms like fever and chills to severe anaphylaxis. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors, multikinase inhibitors, and proteasome inhibitors are less commonly associated with infusion reactions. The nurse should closely monitor patients receiving monoclonal antibodies during infusion and be prepared to manage any adverse reactions promptly.
Question 3 of 9
The nurse plans to teach a class on anabolic steroids to a group of high school athletes. What will the best plan by the nurse include?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Anabolic steroids, synthetic testosterone derivatives, suppress natural hormone production, including spermatogenesis, leading to infertility-a critical risk for young athletes to understand. They also impact the entire body, notably causing liver damage (e.g., hepatotoxicity or tumors), a systemic effect worth noting. However, while effective for muscle growth, weight training surpasses steroids in safety and sustainability, debunking the ‘most effective' claim. Aggression, or ‘roid rage,' is a well-documented behavioral change due to hormonal imbalance, making it another key point. Infertility stands out in education, as it's a direct, long-term consequence tied to reproductive health, resonating with teens' future planning, and is supported by evidence of testicular atrophy and reduced sperm count, distinguishing it from broader effects or myths about efficacy.
Question 4 of 9
The nurse is performing a health history on a patient who is ordered to begin therapy with valproic
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Valproic acid is known to have potential hepatotoxicity, meaning it can damage the liver. Therefore, if a patient already has liver disease, it can increase the risk of further liver damage when taking valproic acid. The nurse needs to be particularly cautious when a patient with pre-existing liver disease is prescribed this medication, as close monitoring of liver function tests will be necessary to detect any signs of liver damage early on. It is important to assess and consider the patient's liver condition before initiating valproic acid therapy to prevent potential adverse effects.
Question 5 of 9
What is the most important patient/family teaching for patients that are taking Digoxin
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The most important patient teaching for patients taking Digoxin is to regularly monitor and take their pulse. Digoxin is a medication used to treat certain heart conditions by helping the heart beat stronger and more regularly. Monitoring the pulse is important because Digoxin can affect the heart rate, and if the pulse is too slow or irregular, it may indicate an adverse reaction to the medication. Patients should be taught how to check their pulse and to contact their healthcare provider if they notice any significant changes in their heart rate while taking Digoxin. Taking the pulse is crucial in ensuring the medication is being tolerated well and is working effectively.
Question 6 of 9
Which assessment finding, by the nurse, is a priority concern when a client receives pseudoephedrine (Sudafed)?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Pseudoephedrine's sympathomimetic action risks dysrhythmias, making an irregular heart rate a priority concern for immediate reporting. Fever , respiratory rate , and dry mouth are less urgent. C aligns with cardiovascular risks, making it the priority.
Question 7 of 9
Amiodarone:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Amiodarone is a class III antiarrhythmic that affects sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), and calcium (Ca2+) channels, prolonging repolarization, so the statement excluding Ca2+ effects is false. It has antianginal effects by reducing myocardial oxygen demand through heart rate and afterload reduction, a true statement and its correct attribute. Its half-life is exceptionally long (weeks to months), not short, due to extensive tissue distribution, making that false. It decreases, not increases, peripheral resistance via vasodilation, so that's incorrect. It also affects the lungs, causing potential pulmonary toxicity, not minimal impact. The antianginal property is key to its use in angina alongside arrhythmias, reflecting its broad ion channel blockade and hemodynamic benefits, necessitating careful monitoring for side effects.
Question 8 of 9
The nurse is aware that the following solutions are routinely used to flush an IV device before and after the administration of blood to a patient is:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: 0.9 percent sodium chloride, also known as normal saline, is routinely used to flush an IV device before and after the administration of blood to a patient. Normal saline is isotonic, meaning it has a similar concentration of salt and water as the body's cells. This makes it compatible for use in various medical procedures, including flushing IV devices to ensure patency and prevent clotting. Other solutions like 5 percent dextrose in water, sterile water, and heparin sodium are not typically used for flushing IV devices before and after blood administration.
Question 9 of 9
Of the following salicylates, which does not exhibit an analgesic effects:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Salicylic acid, which is the parent compound of the salicylate drug class, does not exhibit analgesic effects. In order to have analgesic effects, such as pain relief, salicylic acid needs to be modified into derivatives like acetyl salicylic acid (aspirin), sodium salicylate, salicylamide, and diflunisal. These derivatives possess analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory properties due to their ability to inhibit cyclooxygenase enzymes (COX) and subsequently decrease prostaglandin production.