ATI RN
ATI Pharmacology Practice A Questions
Question 1 of 5
A 34-year-old man with seasonal allergic rhinitis that has been refractory to oral antihistamines is now placed on Singulair, a leukotriene receptor blocker, to see if this will improve symptoms. Important interactions with this medication include which of the following?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is C) Rifampin. Rifampin is known to interact with Singulair (montelukast) by reducing the plasma concentrations of montelukast. Rifampin induces the CYP3A4 enzyme system, which is responsible for the metabolism of montelukast, leading to decreased levels and potentially reducing its effectiveness. Option A) Ampicillin, option B) Chloramphenicol, and option D) Tetracycline do not have significant interactions with Singulair. These antibiotics do not share metabolic pathways with montelukast and are unlikely to impact its plasma levels or efficacy. Educationally, understanding drug interactions is crucial for healthcare providers to ensure patient safety and optimal treatment outcomes. Teaching students to recognize and anticipate potential drug interactions helps in making informed decisions when prescribing medications. It also emphasizes the importance of considering individual patient factors, including comorbidities and concomitant medications, to prevent adverse effects and treatment failures.
Question 2 of 5
The client receives beclomethasone (Beconase) intranasally as treatment for allergic rhinitis. He asks the nurse if this drug is safe because it is a glucocorticoid. What is the best response by the nurse?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Beclomethasone, an intranasal corticosteroid, treats allergic rhinitis with minimal systemic absorption, reducing risks like adrenal suppression seen with oral steroids. The response 'Intranasal glucocorticoids produce almost no serious adverse effects' reassures the client accurately, as side effects (e.g., nasal irritation) are mild and rare. Swallowing isn't a significant concern due to low bioavailability. Prolonged use might increase minor risks (e.g., epistaxis), but isn't the primary safety factor. Once-daily use aligns with dosing but doesn't define safety. The nurse's best response (A) addresses the client's fear with evidence-based reassurance, emphasizing the drug's localized action and safety profile.
Question 3 of 5
Which assessment finding, by the nurse, is a priority concern when a client receives pseudoephedrine (Sudafed)?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is option C) Heart rate 82 and irregular. When a client receives pseudoephedrine, a sympathomimetic medication, monitoring the heart rate is crucial because pseudoephedrine can cause cardiovascular side effects like tachycardia and irregular heart rhythms. These effects can be serious and potentially life-threatening, hence making it a priority concern for the nurse. Option A) Temperature of 100°F is not directly related to the administration of pseudoephedrine and is less concerning compared to potential cardiac complications. Option B) Respiratory rate of 22 is within normal limits and not a common side effect of pseudoephedrine. Option D) Complaints of a dry mouth are a common side effect of pseudoephedrine but not as critical as monitoring for cardiovascular issues. Educationally, understanding the potential side effects of medications and knowing which assessments are a priority based on the pharmacological action of the drug is essential for nursing practice. This question highlights the importance of monitoring vital signs and recognizing priority concerns when administering medications that can have significant physiological effects on the body.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse is caring for a client receiving isoniazid (INH) for tuberculosis. Which instruction should the nurse include?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Isoniazid treats TB but risks hepatotoxicity, causing jaundice (yellowing skin, choice C), a serious sign needing immediate reporting to prevent liver failure. Food is optional'INH can be taken either way. Tyramine relates to MAOIs, not INH. Bedtime isn't specific'dosing is flexible. Reporting jaundice aligns with INH's side effect profile, critical in TB therapy where long-term use is common, making C the essential instruction for early detection and safety.
Question 5 of 5
The pharmacokinetic elimination half-life of the following drugs mirrors their pharmacodynamic duration and intensity of action:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.