ATI RN
ATI Pharmacology Practice A Questions
Question 1 of 5
A 34-year-old man with seasonal allergic rhinitis that has been refractory to oral antihistamines is now placed on Singulair, a leukotriene receptor blocker, to see if this will improve symptoms. Important interactions with this medication include which of the following?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Singulair (montelukast) interacts with rifampin , a CYP3A4 inducer that reduces montelukast levels, decreasing efficacy. Ampicillin , chloramphenicol , and tetracycline lack significant interactions. Rifampin's effect is key in refractory rhinitis.
Question 2 of 5
Which of the following drugs need not be avoided or only used at a reduced dose in renal failure?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Renal failure alters drug clearance, requiring dose adjustments or avoidance. Prednisolone, a glucocorticoid, is metabolized hepatically to prednisone, with minimal renal excretion, making it safe without adjustment in renal failure. Netilmicin, an aminoglycoside, is renally cleared, risking ototoxicity if not reduced. Metformin, cleared renally, risks lactic acidosis in renal impairment, often avoided. Methotrexate, renally excreted, accumulates in failure, causing toxicity (e.g., marrow suppression). Tinzaparin, a low molecular weight heparin, requires adjustment due to renal clearance. Prednisolone's hepatic handling makes it the exception, safe for use in renal dysfunction without modification.
Question 3 of 5
A patient is being discharged on anticoagulant therapy. The nurse will include in the patient- education conversation that it is important to avoid herbal products that contain which substance?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Ginkgo is the herbal product to avoid because it can interact with anticoagulant therapy and increase the risk of bleeding. Ginkgo has blood-thinning properties, which can further potentiate the anticoagulant effects of medications like warfarin, increasing the risk of bleeding complications. It's essential for patients on anticoagulant therapy to avoid herbal products containing ginkgo to prevent adverse effects and ensure the effectiveness of their prescribed medication.
Question 4 of 5
The pharmacokinetic elimination half-life of the following drugs mirrors their pharmacodynamic duration and intensity of action:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Dobutamine's pharmacodynamic effects closely match its short half-life, as it is rapidly metabolized and its action declines quickly.
Question 5 of 5
When administering heparin subcutaneously, the nurse will follow which procedure?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: When administering heparin subcutaneously, the nurse should use a - to -inch, 25- to 30-gauge needle to inject the medication into the subcutaneous tissue. This needle size is appropriate for delivering the medication effectively and safely in the subcutaneous layer rather than deeper into the muscle. Using the correct needle size helps ensure proper absorption and reduces the risk of complications such as bleeding or bruising at the injection site.