ATI RN
ABVD chemotherapy drugs Questions
Question 1 of 5
A 34-year-old immigrant with HIV disease complains of a productive cough with hemoptysis and night sweats. A sputum smear is positive for acid-fast bacilli. He is placed in isolation and started on isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol. A few months later, he complains of a loss of his ability to discriminate certain colors. What is causing his vision impairment?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Ethambutol is known to cause optic neuritis, leading to color vision impairment (e.g., difficulty distinguishing red-green), a well-documented side effect in TB treatment.
Question 2 of 5
A 27-year-old man hospitalized following a kidney transplant develops a high fever, tachycardia, and hypotension. Blood cultures grow Candida albicans. He is started on amphotericin B and flucytosine. Which of the following describes part of flucytosine’s mechanism of action?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Flucytosine is converted to 5-fluorouracil within fungal cells, inhibiting RNA and protein synthesis, complementing amphotericin B’s action against Candida albicans.
Question 3 of 5
A 33-year-old woman with nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea after eating a chicken meal at a country picnic presents to the emergency department. Her serum electrolytes are within normal limits. She is placed on amoxicillin and given an antidiarrheal agent. She returns for follow-up in 1 week with worsening of diarrhea and abdominal pain. What is the most likely explanation for these findings?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Worsening diarrhea after amoxicillin suggests Clostridioides difficile infection (a fungal-like overgrowth due to antibiotic disruption of gut flora), not a fungal infection per se, but a common post-antibiotic complication.
Question 4 of 5
A 37-year-old woman with urinary frequency, urgency, and pelvic pain presents to her primary care physician. She has an allergy to quinolones and penicillin. Urinalysis reveals nitrates, leukocytes, and blood. What is the most appropriate treatment for this patient?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Erythromycin is a safe option for a UTI in a patient allergic to quinolones and penicillin, effective against common gram-positive and some gram-negative uropathogens.
Question 5 of 5
A 54-year-old man with a history of recurrent pulmonary tuberculosis is placed on a multidrug regimen, including isoniazid. Despite long-term therapy with this agent, the treating physician has concerns about resistance. The most likely mechanism for this to occur is which of the following?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Isoniazid resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis is commonly due to mutations in the KatG gene, which encodes catalase-peroxidase needed to activate isoniazid into its active form.