A 32-week preterm baby on mechanical ventilation, recovering from RDS, has a satisfactory blood gas, and ventilatory settings are being reduced for weaning. What is the most valuable indicator that the baby is ready for extubation?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The best indicator for extubation readiness is a low FiO2 (fraction of inspired oxygen) because it indicates the infant is maintaining adequate oxygenation with minimal support.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In infants, the head tilt-chin lift to a neutral position maintains an open airway without excessive extension, which could obstruct airflow.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Severe asthma exacerbations are characterized by symptoms like breathlessness, use of accessory muscles, and mental status changes. A PEF or FEV1 <70% does not necessarily indicate a severe exacerbation.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Meconium aspiration syndrome occurs when a newborn inhales (aspirates) a mixture of meconium (the baby's first stool) and amniotic fluid while in the uterus or during delivery. This can lead to respiratory distress and obstruction of the airways. The presence of meconium in the lungs can cause inflammation, airway obstruction, and in severe cases, can result in pneumonia or respiratory failure. Bowel obstruction with meconium (Choice C) does not directly cause meconium aspiration syndrome.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Both lamb and peaches are rich sources of iron. Lamb is a type of red meat that is high in heme iron, which is a form of iron that is easily absorbed by the body. Peaches, on the other hand, are a fruit that contains non-heme iron, which is not as easily absorbed but can still contribute to increasing iron levels in the body. Including these iron-rich foods in the diet of an anemic client can help improve their iron levels and overall health.