A 31-year-old G3P2002 woman is 30 weeks pregnant and presents for her routine checkup. She has known HIV disease, which she did not have during her two other pregnancies. Her viral load is 1,000 and CD4 count is 455. In order to decrease the likelihood of transmission of HIV disease to her baby, she has been advised to have a cesarean section, not breastfeed, and take an antiviral for HIV disease. What HIV disease medication has been proven to decrease the likelihood of the transmission of HIV disease from the mother to the fetus?

A 31-year-old G3P2002 woman is 30 weeks pregnant and presents for her routine checkup. She has known HIV disease, which she did not have during her two other pregnancies. Her viral load is 1,000 and CD4 count is 455. In order to decrease the likelihood of transmission of HIV disease to her baby, she has been advised to have a cesarean section, not breastfeed, and take an antiviral for HIV disease. What HIV disease medication has been proven to decrease the likelihood of the transmission of HIV disease from the mother to the fetus?

A 42-year-old woman presents to the emergency department with vaginal bleeding for the past 2 days. Her last menstrual period was 1 week ago and has had regular cycles. She has a history of a hydatidiform mole 8 years ago. A β-hCG is 20,000. The diagnosis of choriocarcinoma is made and she is started on methotrexate. What is the mechanism of action of methotrexate?

A 70-year-old man presents to clinic because of low-grade fever for the past 2 weeks. He otherwise feels well. On exam, the physician is able to palpate an enlarged spleen. A complete blood count shows a WBC count of 43,000/μL. A peripheral blood smear confirms the diagnosis of chronic myelogenous leukemia. Chromosomal studies are positive for the Philadelphia chromosome. What is the mechanism of action of the medication given to halt the progression of the disease?

A 12-year-old boy cuts his hand on a soda can. He has a 5-cm laceration on the palmar aspect of his hand that will require suturing. The emergency department physician injects 1% lidocaine into the wound after careful cleansing with Betadine. The mechanism of action of lidocaine blocks which of the following modalities?

A 32-year-old woman found out 1 month ago that she has HIV disease. She began a HAART regimen after learning her HIV status. Now she presents with nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. Serum amylase is elevated. If her condition is related to her medications, which drug is most likely the cause of her symptoms?