A 30-year-old woman presents with a complaint of shortness of breath and a dry cough. She has a history of frequent sinus infections. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The most likely diagnosis for the 30-year-old woman with shortness of breath, dry cough, and a history of frequent sinus infections is Sarcoidosis. This is because Sarcoidosis commonly presents with respiratory symptoms such as cough and dyspnea, and can be associated with sinus involvement. Sarcoidosis is more common in younger individuals, like the patient in this case, compared to lung cancer or COPD. Pneumonia typically presents with fever and productive cough, which are not mentioned in the patient's symptoms. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is more commonly seen in older individuals with a history of smoking, which is not indicated in this case. Therefore, the most likely diagnosis is Sarcoidosis based on the patient's age, symptoms, and medical history.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Cluster headache. This is because the patient's symptoms of severe one-sided headaches lasting 30 minutes to an hour, associated with eye watering and nasal congestion, are classic features of cluster headaches. These headaches are often described as excruciating and occur in clusters or cycles. Other choices can be ruled out based on the specific characteristics of the headaches described. Migraines typically last longer, tension-type headaches are usually bilateral and milder in intensity, and sinus headaches are often associated with sinus infections which the patient does not present with.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Document the murmur and report it to the physician. A grade 3/6 murmur is moderate in intensity and may indicate a significant underlying heart condition. By documenting and reporting it to the physician promptly, the nurse ensures timely evaluation and appropriate management. Reassessing the murmur in 30 minutes (choice A) may delay necessary intervention. Performing a complete physical examination to rule out other cardiac abnormalities (choice C) is important but may not be immediately necessary for addressing the murmur. Initiating cardiac monitoring immediately (choice D) is not the priority in this scenario; informing the physician for further evaluation is more crucial.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Refer the patient for imaging. When a nurse encounters a firm, non-tender mass in the abdomen, it is important to proceed with imaging to determine the nature of the mass. Imaging studies such as ultrasound, CT scan, or MRI can provide valuable information about the size, location, and characteristics of the mass. This step is crucial in identifying the potential underlying causes of the mass, such as tumors, cysts, or other abnormalities. Option A is incorrect because percussion is not typically used to assess for fluid in a mass. Option B is incorrect as palpation may not be safe if the mass is suspected to be malignant. Option C is incorrect as auscultation for bowel sounds may not provide relevant information about the mass. The best course of action is to refer the patient for imaging to further evaluate the mass accurately.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Abdominal aortic aneurysm. The detection of a pulsatile mass in the midline of the abdomen is highly indicative of an abdominal aortic aneurysm. This is because the aorta runs in the midline of the abdomen, and an aneurysm in this area can present as a pulsatile mass. An abdominal aortic aneurysm is a serious condition that requires immediate medical attention. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because cholecystitis, pancreatitis, and gastritis do not typically present with a pulsatile mass in the midline of the abdomen.