A 30-year-old woman has been diagnosed with leukemia and will be using an immune modulator for treatment. What will be important to discuss with the patient when the nurse provides patient teaching about her treatment?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: The need to use barrier contraceptives while taking the drug. This is important because immune modulators can potentially harm a developing fetus, so it is crucial to use barrier contraceptives to prevent pregnancy during treatment. Incorrect answers: A: The need to continue oral contraceptives - This is incorrect because oral contraceptives may not provide sufficient protection against pregnancy while on immune modulators. C: The need to avoid sexual intercourse while taking the drug - This is incorrect as it is an extreme measure and not necessary if barrier contraceptives are used. D: The importance of taking an aspirin daily to decrease the adverse effects of the drug - This is incorrect as aspirin is not typically indicated for reducing adverse effects of immune modulators.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: To avoid crowds. Interferon alfa 2b is an immunomodulatory drug that can weaken the immune system, making the patient more susceptible to infections. Therefore, the nurse should encourage the patient to avoid crowds to reduce the risk of exposure to infectious agents. Choice B: To increase salt intake is incorrect because interferon alfa 2b does not require an increase in salt intake. Choice C: To decrease milk intake is incorrect as there is no specific need to decrease milk intake while taking interferon alfa 2b. Choice D: To eat three meals a day is incorrect as it is a general dietary recommendation and not specifically related to taking interferon alfa 2b.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Interferons interfere with the ability of viruses in infected cells to replicate. Interferons are proteins produced by cells in response to viral infections. They signal nearby cells to heighten their anti-viral defenses, inhibiting viral replication. Choice A is incorrect because interferons primarily affect viral infections, not B-lymphocyte activity. Choice B is incorrect as interferons do not target stem cells. Choice C is incorrect as interferons do not stimulate the growth and differentiation of lymphoid cells into lymphocytes; rather, they directly inhibit viral replication.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: It activates human cellular immunity and inhibits tumor growth. Interferon (Aldesleukin) is a type of immunotherapy that works by activating the body's immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells. In this case, the interferon is prescribed to treat the metastasis to the right kidney by boosting the patient's immune response against the tumor cells. Autologous tumor cells (choice A) are the patient's own cancer cells and interferon does not protect them. Allogeneic stem-cell transplantation (choice C) involves using donor stem cells and is not related to the mechanism of action of interferon. Interferon does not have a direct proliferative effect on renal tumors (choice D), rather it inhibits tumor growth by enhancing the body's immune response.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Muromonab-CD3. This monoclonal antibody reacts to human T cells by binding to the CD3 receptor, which disables the T cells and acts as an immune suppressor. Muromonab-CD3 is specifically designed to target T cells and is used in conditions where T cell activity needs to be suppressed, such as in transplant rejection. A: Adalimumab targets TNF-alpha and is used in autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis. B: Cetuximab targets EGFR and is used in cancer treatment. C: Rituximab targets CD20 on B cells and is used in conditions like lymphoma and rheumatoid arthritis. Muromonab-CD3 is the correct answer because of its specific mechanism of action on T cells, distinguishing it from the other choices that target different cell types or pathways.