ATI RN
Microbiology Chapter 1 Test Bank Questions
Question 1 of 5
A 30 year old patient consulted a doctor about having diarrhea and stomach aches for 5 days, temperature rise up to 37,50C with chills. The day before the patient was in a forest and drank some water from an open pond. He was diagnosed with amebic dysentery that was bacteriologically confirmed. Name the medication for treatment of this disease:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Metronidazole. Amebic dysentery is caused by the parasite Entamoeba histolytica, not a bacterium, hence antibiotics like Chloramphenicol or Phthalazole are ineffective. Metronidazole is the drug of choice for treating amebic dysentery due to its efficacy against anaerobic organisms like Entamoeba histolytica. Furasolidone is used for treating bacterial infections, not parasitic ones like amebiasis. The patient's symptoms of diarrhea, stomach aches, and a recent history of drinking water from a potentially contaminated source in the forest are indicative of a parasitic infection, supporting the choice of Metronidazole for treatment.
Question 2 of 5
A puncture sample taken from the lymph node of a patient with preliminary diagnosis of protozoan disease has been investigated. The preparation was processed with Giemsa stain and the following was detected: crescent-shaped bodies with pointed tips, blue cytoplasm and red nuclei. What protozoa have been detected in the preparation?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Viscerotropic Leishmania. The presence of crescent-shaped bodies with pointed tips, blue cytoplasm, and red nuclei is characteristic of Leishmania species. Viscerotropic Leishmania causes visceral leishmaniasis, also known as kala-azar, which affects the internal organs. Toxoplasma typically presents as tachyzoites, not crescent-shaped bodies. Plasmodium malariae is a malaria parasite with different morphology. Dermatotropic Leishmania causes cutaneous leishmaniasis, not the visceral form indicated by the morphology described in the question.
Question 3 of 5
A 55-year-old patient with a characteristic rash, fever, dizziness has been admitted to a hospital. He has been provisionally diagnosed with typhus. No similar cases have been reported. In his youth (15 years old) the patient suffered typhus in a boarding school. What disease is it?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Brill's disease. Brill's disease is a relapse of typhus that occurs in patients who had typhus in their youth. The patient's history of having typhus at 15 years old is a key indicator. Brill's disease is characterized by symptoms such as rash, fever, and dizziness, which align with the patient's current presentation. Summary of other choices: B: Typhoid fever - While typhoid fever may present with similar symptoms to typhus, the patient's history of having typhus in the past makes this less likely. C: Measles - Measles does not typically present with dizziness, and the patient's history of typhus in the past is more indicative of Brill's disease. D: Rubella - Rubella does not typically cause dizziness, and the patient's history of typhus in the past points more towards Brill's disease.
Question 4 of 5
From urine of a 14-year-old boy with the exacerbation of secondary obstructive pyelonephritis Pseudomonas aeruginosa was isolated with a titer of 1000000 microbes per 1 ml. Which antibiotic is most advisable to be administered in this case?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Ciprofloxacin. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is commonly resistant to Ampicillin, Cefazolinum, and Azithromycin. Ciprofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic known for its efficacy against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Its broad spectrum and ability to penetrate tissues make it the most advisable choice for treating secondary obstructive pyelonephritis caused by this pathogen.
Question 5 of 5
A 3 m.o. baby has white film on the mucous membrane of his mouth, tongue and lips. A doctor suspected candidosis. What nutrient medium should be applied for inoculation of the material under examination in order to confirm this diagnosis?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why Answer A (Sabouraud's) is correct: 1. Sabouraud's agar is a selective medium for fungi. 2. Candida is a type of fungus causing candidosis. 3. Sabouraud's agar promotes fungal growth. 4. Candida will grow on Sabouraud's agar, confirming the diagnosis. 5. Other choices are for bacterial culture, not suitable for fungal growth. Summary: - Endo, Jensen's, and Roux are not appropriate for fungal culture. - Sabouraud's agar specifically supports fungal growth, making it the correct choice for confirming candidosis.