ATI RN
Basic Principles of Patient Care Questions
Question 1 of 5
A 30-year-old man sustains a severely comminuted, open, distal right femur fracture. Immediate efforts should involve:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Correct Answer: B (Tamponade of the wound with a pressure dressing) Rationale: 1. Tamponade prevents further bleeding and reduces the risk of hypovolemic shock. 2. Pressure dressing helps control bleeding and reduces the risk of infection. 3. Stabilizing the wound is crucial before further intervention. 4. Angiography, wound exploration, and realignment are not immediate priorities.
Question 2 of 5
A 34-year-old man is brought to the ED after being pinned to the wall of a building by a cement truck. He is in obvious shock, and has deformities and marked swelling of both thighs. Although no open wounds are present, his shock:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Step 1: The scenario describes a man pinned by a cement truck with deformities and swelling in both thighs, indicating significant trauma. Step 2: The absence of open wounds suggests internal bleeding as the cause of shock. Step 3: Bilateral femoral fractures can lead to significant blood loss, resulting in shock. Step 4: Therefore, the shock is consistent with blood loss from bilateral femoral fractures, making choice C the correct answer. Step 5: The other choices are incorrect because shock in this case is more likely due to internal bleeding rather than pelvic fracture (A), fixed percentage blood loss (B), or traction splints (D).
Question 3 of 5
You are treating a trauma patient and attempt intubation, but vocal cords are not visible. What tool would be the most valuable for achieving successful intubation?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: "Gum elastic bougie." In difficult intubation situations where vocal cords are not visible, a bougie is essential. Step 1: Insert the bougie into the trachea until resistance is felt. Step 2: Advance the endotracheal tube over the bougie. Step 3: Remove the bougie. This technique helps guide the endotracheal tube into the trachea successfully. The other choices are incorrect. B: Lateral cervical spine x-ray is not useful for intubation. C: Nasopharyngeal airway is for maintaining airway patency, not for intubation. D: Oxygen does not aid in intubation directly.
Question 4 of 5
Limb-threatening extremity injuries:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Limb-threatening extremity injuries should be definitively managed with a traction splint to stabilize and immobilize the limb, preventing further damage and reducing the risk of complications. This method helps to maintain proper alignment, reduce pain, and minimize the potential for neurovascular compromise. A: Requiring a tourniquet is not always necessary and may lead to complications such as tissue damage. C: Limb-threatening injuries can occur without an open wound, especially in cases of blunt trauma. D: Limb-threatening injuries can include a range of conditions beyond just ischemic or crushed tissue, so this statement is too narrow.
Question 5 of 5
Which of the following is a typical task that nursing assistants perform?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Bathing a resident. Nursing assistants typically assist with activities of daily living, such as bathing, grooming, and feeding residents. This task falls under the scope of practice for nursing assistants and helps maintain the hygiene and comfort of residents. Administering medication (choice A) is typically done by licensed nurses. Changing sterile dressings (choice C) is usually performed by nurses or other healthcare professionals with specialized training. Giving tube feedings (choice D) also requires specialized training and is usually done by licensed nurses or dietitians. Therefore, the correct answer is B as it aligns with the typical responsibilities of nursing assistants.