A 30-year-old man presents with a complaint of shortness of breath and a cough. He has a history of asthma. On examination, he has wheezing and use of accessory muscles during respiration. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Asthma exacerbation. The patient's symptoms of shortness of breath, cough, wheezing, and history of asthma point towards an asthma exacerbation. Wheezing and use of accessory muscles are classic signs of an asthma attack. Pneumonia (A) would typically present with fever and productive cough. Pulmonary embolism (C) commonly presents with sudden onset dyspnea and chest pain. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (D) would typically have a history of smoking and chronic cough. In this case, the patient's history of asthma and current symptoms make asthma exacerbation the most likely diagnosis.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Asthma. Wheezing during exhalation is a common characteristic of asthma due to airway constriction. In asthma, the airways become inflamed and narrowed, leading to difficulty in breathing and wheezing sounds during exhalation. Asthma is a chronic condition that can be triggered by various factors such as allergens or exercise. Summary of Incorrect Choices: B: Pulmonary fibrosis - Pulmonary fibrosis is characterized by scarring of lung tissue, leading to stiff and less flexible lungs. It typically presents with crackles on auscultation, not wheezing. C: Pneumonia - Pneumonia is an infection of the lung tissue, usually presenting with crackles or decreased breath sounds, not typically wheezing. D: Pulmonary embolism - Pulmonary embolism is a blockage in the pulmonary artery, often causing sudden shortness of breath and chest pain, but not typically associated with whe

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Edema in the lower extremities. In heart failure, the heart is unable to pump effectively, leading to fluid buildup in the body, causing edema. Increased respiratory rate (B) may occur but is not specific to heart failure. Decreased blood pressure (C) and bounding pulse (D) are not typically seen in heart failure but may be present in other conditions. Edema is a classic sign of heart failure due to fluid retention from decreased cardiac output.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Aortic stenosis. This is indicated by a high-pitched, blowing sound during systole known as an ejection murmur. Aortic stenosis involves narrowing of the aortic valve, causing turbulent blood flow during systole. Mitral valve prolapse (B) presents with a mid-systolic click and late systolic murmur. Tricuspid regurgitation (C) results in a holosystolic murmur. Pulmonary regurgitation (D) typically presents with a diastolic murmur.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: 37.7 degrees Celsius (rectal), is correct because newborns normal rectal temperature ranges from 36.6°C-38°C (97.9°F-100.4°F), with 37.7°C being typical. Oral (Choice A) isnt used in newborns due to safety and inaccuracy. 37°C axillary, is too low; axillary readings are 0.5°C-1°C below rectal (e.g., 36.5°C-37.2°C). 36.8°C axillary, fits axillary norms but isnt the questions focus. Rectal is the gold standard for neonates, reflecting core temperature despite their immature thermoregulation. Pediatric guidelines support 37.7°C as a common rectal value, making C the precise answer based on clinical practice.