A 30 year old male presents with a stab wound to the abdomen. BP is 85/60, HR 130, RR 26 and GCS 14. Neck veins are flat and chest examination is clear with bilateral breath sounds. Optimal resuscitation should include:

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: "Preparation for laparotomy while initiating fluid resuscitation". In a trauma scenario with hemodynamic instability like this, the priority is to address potential intra-abdominal bleeding with a laparotomy. Fluid resuscitation is crucial to maintain perfusion and stabilize the patient before surgery. The other choices are incorrect because: A: "Transfusion of FFP and platelets" is not the immediate priority in this scenario as it does not address the source of bleeding. C: "Resuscitation with crystalloid and pRBC until base excess is normal" is not ideal as it delays definitive treatment and may worsen the patient's condition. D: "Fluid resuscitation and angioembolization" may be considered in stable patients, but in this case, the patient is hemodynamically unstable and needs immediate surgical intervention.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because when a nursing assistant is suspected of abuse, immediate action is necessary to ensure the safety of residents. Suspending the nursing assistant allows for a thorough investigation without putting residents at risk. Choice A is incorrect as discussing the problem openly may compromise the investigation. Choice B is incorrect as the nursing assistant should be removed from the situation during investigation. Choice C is incorrect as confidentiality is crucial in abuse cases to protect the reporter and the victim.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because a nursing assistant's report can indeed trigger a needed assessment for a resident. Nursing assistants are often the frontline staff who observe residents daily, so their reports can highlight changes or issues that require further evaluation. This process helps in ensuring that residents receive appropriate care and interventions promptly. Choice A is incorrect as MDS stands for Minimum Data Set, not Multiple Diagnosis System. Choice B is incorrect as completion of an MDS does not automatically trigger a state investigation. Choice C is incorrect because all residents in long-term care facilities are required to have an MDS assessment completed periodically.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, "Never," because hitting a resident is never appropriate in any circumstance. As a nursing assistant, it is crucial to prioritize the well-being and safety of residents. Physical violence is never an acceptable or professional way to handle any situation in a healthcare setting. Choosing option A, B, or C would go against ethical standards and could result in harm to the resident or legal consequences. It is essential for nursing assistants to use non-violent communication techniques and seek help from supervisors or security if faced with challenging situations.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Systemic infection. In a systemic infection, pathogens enter the bloodstream and spread throughout the body, affecting multiple organs and systems. This can lead to severe illness if not treated promptly. Choice B is incorrect because a localized infection is limited to a specific area or organ and does not spread throughout the body. Choice C, healthcare-associated infection, refers to infections acquired in a healthcare setting and is not specific to pathogens entering the bloodstream. Choice D, cross-infection, typically refers to the transmission of infections between individuals and is not specific to pathogens entering the bloodstream and causing a systemic infection.