A 30 year old male presents after a motor vehicle crash. Vital signs are RR 18, HR 88, BP 130/72, GCS 13. Laparotomy is indicated when:

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because retroperitoneal air on CT indicates a hollow viscus injury, such as a bowel perforation, which requires immediate surgical exploration. A is incorrect because a seat belt sign alone does not necessitate surgery. B is incorrect as grade 4 hepatic injury may not always require laparotomy. C is incorrect as extraperitoneal bladder injury can often be managed conservatively.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because other care team members are involved in providing direct care to the resident, and sharing health information with them ensures coordinated and effective care. Sharing with anyone who asks (A) is incorrect as it violates the resident's privacy rights. Sharing with anyone who lives or works at the facility (B) is also incorrect as not all staff members may need to know the information. Sharing with the resident's friends and family (C) could be appropriate with the resident's consent but may not always be necessary for all health information.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because "Mrs. Parker says she is dizzy" is subjective information based on her personal perception or feeling. It cannot be objectively measured or verified. In contrast, choices B, C, and D provide objective information that can be quantified or confirmed by observation or measurement, such as temperature, visit, and food intake. This makes them not subjective.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B, providing a quiet environment. This helps reduce stimulation and distraction for the confused resident, promoting a sense of calm and clarity. Leaving the resident alone (A) can lead to feelings of abandonment. Avoiding communication (C) can worsen confusion. Speaking quickly (D) can overwhelm the resident further. In summary, creating a quiet environment is essential for promoting comfort and reducing confusion in residents.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because cleanliness refers to the absence of pathogens, not just visible dirt. Step by step, A is incorrect because cleanliness is not solely based on contact with sick individuals. B is incorrect as cleanliness is more than just the absence of visible dirt. C is incorrect because contamination with pathogens does not align with the definition of clean. Therefore, D is correct as it directly relates to the absence of pathogens, which is a key component of cleanliness.