A 30-year-old male patient who is treated with haloperidol for his diagnosis of schizophrenia is considered to be well-managed symptomatically for his psychotic symptoms. However, he is reporting restlessness, the inability to sit still at the dinner table, and his family notices that he is pacing up and down the hallway frequently. Of the following, which is the best medication to treat this antipsychotic-induced akathisia?

Correct Answer: E

Rationale: Haloperidol's D2 blockade causes akathisia—restlessness and pacing—as an EPS. Propranolol, a beta-blocker, reduces akathisia by modulating catecholamine activity, a first-line treatment per guidelines, unlike anticholinergics (benztropine) which target dystonia/parkinsonism. Dantrolene treats muscle spasticity, not akathisia. Amoxapine, an antidepressant, worsens psychosis. Bromocriptine, a dopamine agonist, risks psychosis exacerbation. Propranolol's efficacy, safety, and specificity for akathisia make it the best choice, replacing D as instructed.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is option D: "This medication could make me very sleepy." This statement demonstrates understanding because antihistamines are known to cause drowsiness as a common side effect. Understanding this potential side effect is crucial for the client's safety and ability to make informed decisions while taking the medication. Option A, "I can still have my after-dinner drink," is incorrect because combining alcohol with antihistamines can increase drowsiness and impair coordination. This can be dangerous and is not recommended. Option B, "I need to increase fluids while taking this medication," is not directly related to antihistamines. While staying hydrated is generally good advice, it is not a specific consideration when taking antihistamines. Option C, "This medication is safe because it is sold over-the-counter (OTC)," is incorrect because just because a medication is available OTC does not mean it is completely safe for everyone or without potential side effects. It is essential for clients to understand the specific risks and benefits of any medication they take, regardless of its availability. In an educational context, it is vital for nurses to ensure that clients have a comprehensive understanding of their medications, including common side effects and safety precautions. Providing accurate and detailed medication education empowers clients to take an active role in their healthcare and promotes medication adherence and safety.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Methotrexate, a DMARD, treats RA but risks renal toxicity from crystal formation. Drinking plenty of water ensures excretion, reducing this risk, a critical teaching point. Milk doesn't help'absorption is unaffected. Green leafy vegetables increase folate, which methotrexate depletes, but supplementation is controlled. Stopping if better risks flare-ups. Hydration aligns with methotrexate's pharmacokinetics, vital in RA where long-term safety matters, making A the priority to emphasize for renal protection.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.