ATI RN
Chemotherapy drugs Questions
Question 1 of 5
A 3-year-old girl presents to the emergency department with a history of recurrent UTIs with costovertebral angle tenderness, high fever, and dysuria. A urine culture grows gram-negative lactose-fermenting rods. The physician suspects E. coli pyelonephritis. Ciprofloxacin is highly effective against E. coli in vitro, but the physician chooses not to use it in this case. Why would she choose not to prescribe ciprofloxacin?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Ciprofloxacin is contraindicated in children (<18 years) due to the risk of cartilage damage and impaired growth, despite its efficacy against E. coli.
Question 2 of 5
A 25-year-old man presents to the emergency department with severe abdominal pain, rigors, and a temperature of 39°C. For the past 2 days, he has suffered from right lower quadrant pain and only came to the hospital when it suddenly worsened. The physician suspects ruptured appendicitis and administers imipenem with cilastatin. Cilastatin blocks which of the following enzymes to increase imipenem's efficacy?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Cilastatin inhibits renal dehydropeptidase, preventing imipenem breakdown in the kidneys, thus increasing its efficacy and duration in treating infections like ruptured appendicitis.
Question 3 of 5
A 21-year-old woman college student complains of a skin lesion near her knee on the inside of her thigh. She recently returned from a trip to Africa where she played a handmade goatskin drum. The lesion is painless with a black center. The physician suspects cutaneous anthrax and prescribes oral ciprofloxacin. Which of the following should this patient avoid taking with ciprofloxacin?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Ciprofloxacin’s absorption is reduced by divalent cations (e.g., calcium in milk), which chelate the drug in the gut, decreasing its bioavailability and efficacy against anthrax.
Question 4 of 5
A 55-year-old woman is hospitalized for treatment of osteomyelitis. The infectious organism is found to be susceptible to gentamicin so she is started on a once-daily dose of intravenous gentamicin. Which of the following symptoms may be a signal to the physician to stop gentamicin therapy?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Tinnitus is a sign of ototoxicity, a serious side effect of gentamicin (an aminoglycoside), indicating potential cochlear damage, warranting discontinuation to prevent hearing loss.
Question 5 of 5
A 16-year-old boy presents to the ambulatory care clinic with a persistent dry cough. He had cleaned out a barn attic that was full of bats about 2 weeks ago and has had the cough for 5 days. The physician suspects histoplasmosis. Which would be the best treatment for this patient?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Ketoconazole is effective against Histoplasma capsulatum, a fungus contracted from bat guano, inhibiting ergosterol synthesis in fungal membranes.