A 3-year old child was brought by his mother to the health center because of fever of 4-day duration. The child had a positive tourniquet test result. In the absence of other signs, which of the most appropriate measure that the PHN may carry out to prevent Dengue shock syndrome?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Instruct the mother to give the child Oresol. For a 3-year-old child with a positive tourniquet test and fever, the most appropriate initial measure to prevent Dengue shock syndrome is oral rehydration therapy with Oresol. This is because maintaining hydration is crucial in Dengue fever management. Inserting an NGT and giving fluids per NGT (choice A) is invasive and not necessary at this point. Starting the patient on IV Stat (choice C) is too aggressive for a stable child with no signs of shock. Referring the client to the physician (choice D) is not the first step in management and can delay necessary interventions. Oral rehydration therapy is simple, effective, and helps prevent dehydration in children with Dengue fever.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Zooprophylaxis. Larvivorous fish are used in malaria control through zooprophylaxis, which involves using animals to reduce disease transmission. These fish feed on mosquito larvae, hence reducing the mosquito population and decreasing the spread of malaria. Stream seeding (A) involves introducing plant seeds into streams, not fish. Stream clearing (B) focuses on removing debris and obstacles from streams, not using fish. Destruction of breeding places (C) involves eliminating stagnant water sources where mosquitoes breed, not using larvivorous fish. Therefore, the correct choice is D as it directly relates to the use of larvivorous fish in malaria control.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Cholera. The key indicators are severe diarrhea and passage of "rice water" stool, which is characteristic of cholera caused by Vibrio cholerae. Cholera results in profuse watery diarrhea leading to dehydration and electrolyte imbalances. Giardiasis (A) presents with foul-smelling diarrhea, amebiasis (C) causes bloody diarrhea, and dysentery (D) is associated with mucus and blood in stool, none of which match the presentation in this case.

Correct Answer:

Rationale: Correct Answer: C: Hepatitis A Rationale: 1. The client waded in flood waters, which can expose him to contaminated water sources. 2. Hepatitis A is commonly transmitted through contaminated water or food. 3. Symptoms typically appear 2-6 weeks after exposure, aligning with the client's history. 4. Hepatitis B is primarily transmitted through blood or sexual contact, not water exposure. Summary: - Choice A is incomplete and nonsensical. - Choice B is incorrect as hepatitis A is more likely due to water exposure. - Choice D is incorrect as hepatitis B is not typically associated with water exposure.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Infectious mononucleosis. This infection is characterized by tonsilllopharyngitis, which is inflammation of the tonsils and pharynx. It is a common symptom of infectious mononucleosis caused by the Epstein-Barr virus. Respiratory candidiasis (choice A) typically presents as oral thrush, not tonsillitis. Cytomegalovirus disease (choice C) commonly affects the eyes, gastrointestinal tract, and lungs but does not specifically cause tonsilllopharyngitis. Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (choice D) is a severe lung infection often seen in AIDS patients, but it does not manifest as tonsilllopharyngitis.