ATI RN
Pediatric Infectious Disease Questions
Question 1 of 5
A 3-year-old child present with anorexia, malaise, low-grade fever, and maculopapular rash begins on the face and spreads to the body for 3 days. On examination there is retroauricular and posterior occipital lymphadenopathy. CBC show WBC, 4500/mm³ and platelate count, 110000/mm³. Of the following, the MOST likely diagnosis is
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rubella (A) fits with low-grade fever, maculopapular rash starting on the face, and retroauricular/occipital lymphadenopathy, unlike roseola (B, high fever then rash), measles (C, high fever), scarlet fever (D), or Kawasaki (E).
Question 2 of 5
Of the following, the MOST common cause of acute encephalitis is
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: HSV (D) is the most common cause of sporadic acute encephalitis in children, per infectious disease epidemiology.
Question 3 of 5
In acute pharyngitis, antibiotic therapy should be started promptly in children with all the following EXCEPT
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Antibiotics are urgent for confirmed strep (A, C, D, E). Past family history (B) alone doesn’t necessitate immediate treatment without current evidence.
Question 4 of 5
A 7-year-old boy presented with earache and aural discharge mainly in left side, he recently was diving in swimming pool; on examination he is afebrile with tenderness on movement of the pinna. Of the following, the MOST likely diagnosis is
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Otitis externa (B), or swimmer’s ear, fits earache, discharge, and pinna tenderness post-swimming, per clinical presentation.
Question 5 of 5
Regarding complications of pertussis, the MOST permanent disability is a result of
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Encephalopathy (E) from pertussis can cause permanent neurologic damage, per complication data.