ATI RN
Nursing Practice Questions for Pediatric Infectious Disease Questions
Question 1 of 5
A 3-month-old infant present with history of low birth weight, early-onset jaundice, and seizures; on examination there are hepatosplenomegaly and hydrocephalus; skull films reveal diffuse cortical calcifications. Of the following, the primary method of diagnosis is
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Congenital infection (likely toxoplasmosis) with jaundice, hepatosplenomegaly, and calcifications is best diagnosed by serology (D, IgM/IgG), more definitive than PCR (A), culture (B), CT (C), or CSF (E) alone.
Question 2 of 5
The treatment of choice for neonatal herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections is
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Acyclovir (C) is the standard treatment for neonatal HSV, reducing morbidity and mortality, unlike observation (A), vaccination (B, none exists), IVIG (D), or ganciclovir (E, for CMV).
Question 3 of 5
In neonatal sepsis, the infection may be acquired through the transplacental or transcervical routes or through ascending infection. Of the following, the organism that is acquired by transplacental route is
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Listeria (E) is uniquely acquired transplacentally, causing early-onset sepsis, unlike others (A, B, C, D) typically from birth canal or postnatal sources.
Question 4 of 5
Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is caused by the acute and chronic effects of oxygen toxicity on the developing blood vessels of the premature infant's retina. To avoid the ROP, arterial oxygen level in premature infants should be kept between
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: PaOâ‚‚ of 50-70 mm Hg (C) minimizes ROP risk while ensuring oxygenation, per neonatal oxygen guidelines.
Question 5 of 5
All the following statements regarding subarachnoid hemorrhage are true EXCEPT
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Subarachnoid hemorrhage may be spontaneous (A), hypoxic (B), seizure-presenting (D), or AVM-related (E). Surgical evacuation (C) is rare, as it typically resolves without intervention.