A 3-month-old infant is diagnosed with developmental hip dysplasia. The nurse knows that what is the usual treatment for an infant with this diagnosis?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Rationale: The correct answer is A) A Pavlik harness. Developmental hip dysplasia in infants is a condition where the hip joint hasn't formed properly. The Pavlik harness is a non-invasive treatment that helps position the hip joint correctly, allowing normal development to occur. It keeps the infant's hips flexed and abducted, which helps maintain proper alignment for optimal growth and development of the hip joint. Option B) A body spica cast is not typically used for infants with developmental hip dysplasia as it is a more invasive treatment method that may not be necessary at this stage. Option C) Traction is not commonly used in infants with developmental hip dysplasia as it may not provide the specific positioning and support needed for proper hip joint development. Option D) Triple-diapering is not a treatment for developmental hip dysplasia. It is important for educators and healthcare providers to understand the appropriate interventions for developmental hip dysplasia to ensure optimal outcomes for infants. Early detection and proper management with interventions like the Pavlik harness are crucial in addressing this condition effectively.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D) The light breaks down bilirubin. Rationale: Phototherapy is the standard treatment for neonatal jaundice, a condition caused by elevated levels of bilirubin in the baby's blood. The light used in phototherapy, typically blue or white light, helps to break down bilirubin into a form that can be more easily excreted by the baby's body. This process, known as photoisomerization, converts the bilirubin into water-soluble forms that the infant can eliminate through urine and stool. Option A) The light increases the infant's metabolism: This is incorrect as the primary goal of phototherapy in jaundiced infants is to reduce bilirubin levels, not to increase metabolism. Option B) The light stimulates liver function: While phototherapy does support the liver in processing bilirubin, its main mechanism of action is through direct breakdown of bilirubin by the light itself. Option C) The light dilates blood vessels: This is not related to the mechanism of action of phototherapy in treating neonatal jaundice. Educational Context: Understanding the rationale behind the treatment of neonatal jaundice with phototherapy is crucial for healthcare professionals working with newborns. By knowing how phototherapy works to reduce bilirubin levels, nurses and other healthcare providers can effectively educate parents about the treatment and reassure them about its safety and efficacy in managing their infant's condition.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Rationale: The correct answer is A) Hypoglycemia. A macrosomic newborn of a mother with diabetes is at risk for hypoglycemia due to fetal hyperinsulinemia in response to maternal hyperglycemia. Insulin levels drop after birth, leading to hypoglycemia in the neonate. It is crucial for the nurse to monitor the newborn's blood glucose levels closely to prevent any potential complications. Option B) Erythroblastosis fetalis is incorrect as it is a condition where maternal antibodies attack fetal red blood cells, which is not directly related to maternal diabetes. Option C) Intracranial hemorrhage is not typically associated with a macrosomic newborn of a diabetic mother unless there are other complications during birth. Option D) Pancreatic failure is not a common concern in a macrosomic newborn of a diabetic mother; the primary focus would be on monitoring blood glucose levels and preventing hypoglycemia. Educational Context: Understanding the implications of maternal diabetes on a newborn is crucial for nurses caring for infants at risk. By recognizing the increased likelihood of hypoglycemia in macrosomic newborns of diabetic mothers, nurses can provide targeted monitoring and interventions to ensure the baby's well-being. This knowledge is essential for providing safe and effective care to this specific population of infants.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this scenario, the most appropriate response is option B: "Cystic fibrosis is a metabolic defect." Rationale: 1. **Correct Answer (Option B)**: Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disorder caused by mutations in the CFTR gene, which affects the body's ability to transport salt and water. This disruption in ion transport leads to the production of thick, sticky mucus in various organs, causing lung infections, digestive issues, and other complications. Therefore, describing cystic fibrosis as a metabolic defect related to ion transport accurately reflects the underlying pathophysiology of the condition. 2. **Incorrect Options**: - A) Cystic fibrosis is not primarily a chromosomal defect. While it is a genetic disorder, it is specifically linked to mutations in a single gene rather than a chromosomal abnormality. - C) Cystic fibrosis is not a malformation present at birth. It is a genetic disorder that affects various organ systems over time due to the abnormal function of the CFTR protein. - D) Cystic fibrosis is not a blood disorder. It primarily affects the respiratory and digestive systems due to the abnormal mucus production, rather than being a disorder related to the blood itself. 3. **Educational Context**: Understanding the etiology of cystic fibrosis as a metabolic defect is crucial for healthcare professionals to provide accurate information to patients and their families. This knowledge helps in explaining the genetic basis of the condition, predicting potential complications, and guiding treatment and management strategies. By clarifying that cystic fibrosis is a metabolic defect affecting ion transport, healthcare providers can support families in comprehending the impact of the disorder on their child's health and well-being.