ATI RN
jarvis physical examination and health assessment 9th edition test bank Questions
Question 1 of 5
A 29-year-old computer programmer comes to the office for evaluation of a headache. The tightening sensation of moderate intensity is located all over the head. It used to last minutes, but this time it has lasted for 5 days. He denies photophobia and nausea. He spends several hours at a computer monitor/keyboard. He has tried over-the-counter medication; it has dulled the pain, but not taken it away. Based on this description, what is the most likely diagnosis?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Tension headache. The key features in the scenario are the bilateral location of the headache, duration of 5 days, absence of nausea and photophobia, and the patient's occupation as a computer programmer. Tension headaches are typically bilateral, mild to moderate in intensity, and often related to stress, posture, and prolonged screen time. The fact that over-the-counter medication only dulled the pain supports the diagnosis of tension headache. Summary of other choices: A: Cluster headaches typically have a unilateral location, severe intensity, and are associated with autonomic symptoms like tearing of the eye. B: Analgesic rebound headaches occur due to overuse of pain medications, leading to worsening of headaches when the medication wears off. D: Migraine headaches often present with unilateral throbbing pain, nausea, and sensitivity to light and sound, which are not present in this case.
Question 2 of 5
Which scientist is credited with the discovery of X-rays, and in what year did this discovery occur?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen in 1895. Roentgen discovered X-rays by accident while experimenting with cathode rays. He noticed a glow from a nearby screen even though it was covered, leading to the discovery of X-rays. Marie Curie is known for her work on radioactivity, not X-rays. Thomas Edison is famous for inventing the light bulb and phonograph, not X-rays. Albert Einstein is known for his work on the theory of relativity, not the discovery of X-rays.
Question 3 of 5
Upon arriving at a scene where a patient has been involved in a minor car accident, she reports feeling faint and states that she has a history of diabetes. Given this information, what is the primary concern that the patient is expressing?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Her blood sugar levels are likely unstable. Given the patient's history of diabetes and feeling faint after a minor car accident, the primary concern is hypoglycemia, which can occur due to stress or delayed food intake. Symptoms may include feeling faint, weakness, and confusion. It is important to address this immediately as untreated hypoglycemia can lead to serious complications. Choice B is incorrect as a headache is not typically a primary concern for a diabetic patient feeling faint. Choice C is incorrect as hypertension is not directly related to the symptoms described. Choice D is incorrect as nausea is not a typical symptom of hypoglycemia in this context. It is crucial to focus on the patient's diabetic history and potential hypoglycemia in this scenario.
Question 4 of 5
When applying the SAMPLE mnemonic, which of the following statements from the patient would be classified under the letter 'M' for medications?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Step 1: The 'M' in the SAMPLE mnemonic stands for Medications, which focuses on the current and past medications the patient is taking. Step 2: Choice D, "I take Metformin for my diabetes," directly provides information about a medication the patient is currently taking. Step 3: This statement is relevant to the patient's medical history and helps in understanding their current health condition. Summary: Choice D is correct as it specifically addresses the patient's medication (Metformin for diabetes), while the other choices provide information related to headaches (A), allergies (B), and surgical history (C), which do not fall under the 'M' category for medications.
Question 5 of 5
A patient presents with noticeable swelling in the neck area and difficulty breathing. Which key observation should be prioritized during the neck examination to assess the underlying issue?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Trachea position. This is the key observation to prioritize during the neck examination because in a patient presenting with noticeable swelling in the neck area and difficulty breathing, a deviated trachea indicates a potential emergency situation such as a mediastinal mass or tension pneumothorax. Assessing the trachea position helps in identifying any life-threatening conditions that may be causing the respiratory distress. A: Thyroid fullness may indicate thyroid issues, but in this case, the focus should be on the trachea position due to the acute presentation of difficulty breathing. B: Pulsation may be relevant in other contexts but is not the priority when assessing a patient with difficulty breathing and neck swelling. C: Respiratory difficulty is already mentioned in the patient presentation, and the focus should be on identifying the cause of this difficulty, which is best assessed by evaluating the trachea position.