ATI RN
NCLEX questions on chemotherapy drugs Questions
Question 1 of 5
A 28-year-old man presents to the emergency department with diarrhea for the past 2 days. He went on a camping trip 10 days ago. His loose stools are foul smelling and have been associated with abdominal pain and nausea. Stool analysis shows cysts. What is the most appropriate treatment?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Metronidazole treats Giardia lamblia, a protozoan causing diarrhea with cysts from contaminated water (e.g., camping), disrupting DNA in anaerobic organisms.
Question 2 of 5
A 21-year-old woman college student presents to an urgent care clinic with vaginal discharge for the past 3 days. The whitish discharge has a foul odor. A wet prep of the discharge shows squamous cells surrounded by rod-shaped bacteria. The addition of KOH produces a positive whiff test. What is the most appropriate for this patient?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Metronidazole treats bacterial vaginosis (Gardnerella vaginalis), characterized by clue cells, foul odor, and positive whiff test, targeting anaerobic bacteria.
Question 3 of 5
A 17-year-old high school football player presents to clinic with painful burning of his feet. Football practice started 3 weeks ago, and for the past week, he has had blisters and cracking of the skin of his feet. The skin between his toes is erythematous and scaly. He is diagnosed with tinea pedis and started on clotrimazole. What is the mechanism of action of clotrimazole?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Clotrimazole inhibits ergosterol synthesis by blocking 14-α-demethylase, weakening fungal membranes in tinea pedis (athlete’s foot).
Question 4 of 5
Third generation cephalosporins has the following characteristic EXCEPT:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Not all third-generation cephalosporins (e.g., ceftriaxone) can be used orally; many are parenteral only, making C the exception.
Question 5 of 5
Which of the following is an advantage of benzyl penicillin use:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Benzyl penicillin’s water solubility allows IV use in emergencies, which is an advantage over its short duration, acid instability, and narrow spectrum.