A 27-year-old man with recurrent asthma attacks is being considered for preventative therapy with cromolyn sodium. This agent is not effective as an acute treatment of an asthma attack because of the lack of which of the following properties?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Cromolyn sodium prevents asthma by stabilizing mast cells, but lacks bronchodilator action. It has anti-inflammatory and mast cell stabilizer properties, and some immune modulation , but doesn't relieve acute bronchospasm, limiting it to prophylaxis.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Interferon Alfa-2b is an immunomodulatory drug used for conditions like hepatitis or cancer, known for causing flu-like symptoms and systemic effects. Common adverse effects include dizziness, fatigue, and anorexia (loss of appetite), as listed in the correct answer (1, 3, 4). Dizziness reflects the drug's impact on the central nervous system, often reported early in therapy. Loss of appetite and fatigue are also hallmark symptoms due to interferon's influence on metabolism and energy levels. An itchy rash , while possible as a hypersensitivity reaction, is less commonly associated with interferon compared to these systemic effects. The nurse must recognize these as expected side effects, distinguishing them from severe reactions requiring intervention. Since the question asks for common adverse effects and the correct answer includes multiple symptoms, choice A (dizziness) is a key identifier among them, supported by its prevalence in clinical use, making it the primary focus here.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Methyldopa (Aldomet) is commonly used for managing hypertension in pregnant women. It is considered safe during pregnancy and is often the first-line treatment for hypertension in pregnancy. Methyldopa acts by stimulating alpha-adrenergic receptors in the central nervous system, leading to a decrease in peripheral vascular resistance, which helps to lower blood pressure. Other antihypertensive drugs, such as Enalapril and Hydrochlorothiazide, are not recommended during pregnancy as they can cause harm to the fetus. Mannitol is a diuretic used for managing cerebral edema and intraocular pressure but is not typically used for hypertension in pregnancy. Therefore, Methyldopa is the preferred choice for managing hypertension in pregnant patients.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Chemotherapy-induced vomiting is primarily caused by the stimulation of neuroreceptors in the medulla oblongata, particularly the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ). The CTZ is sensitive to chemical stimuli and responds to the presence of chemotherapy drugs by triggering the vomiting reflex. While irritation of the gastric mucosa can contribute to nausea, it is not the primary mechanism. Autonomic instability and inhibition of catecholamines are not directly related to chemotherapy-induced vomiting. Anti-emetic medications often target these neuroreceptors to prevent or reduce vomiting.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Tremors are a common side effect associated with the use of Phenytoin. Phenytoin is an antiepileptic drug that can affect the nervous system, leading to involuntary shaking or tremors. These tremors can affect different parts of the body and may vary in severity. It is important for individuals taking Phenytoin to be aware of this potential side effect and consult their healthcare provider if they experience tremors as a result of taking the medication.