A 26-year-old woman asked her family physician for a hormonal contraceptive. She refused other methods of contraception. Past history of the woman indicated disseminated intravascular coagulation that followed an abortion due to placental abruptio. Which of the following would be the most appropriate hormonal contraceptive preparation for this woman?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Ethinyl estradiol and norethindrone. This combination is a safer choice for the woman due to her history of disseminated intravascular coagulation following an abortion. Ethinyl estradiol and norethindrone have a lower risk of venous thromboembolism compared to other estrogen-containing contraceptives, making it a suitable option for this patient. Rationale for other choices: A: Diethylstilbestrol is contraindicated due to its association with an increased risk of thromboembolic events. C: Mestranol and norethindrone combination may also increase the risk of thromboembolic events, making it unsuitable for this patient. D: Mifepristone is not a hormonal contraceptive; it is used for medical abortion and emergency contraception, not for regular contraception.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Add calcitonin to the current regimen. Calcitonin helps to increase bone density and reduce bone loss in osteoporosis. This would address the significant decrease in bone mass. Choice A (substitute hydrochlorothiazide with propranolol) is incorrect as propranolol does not have a direct impact on bone mass. Choice B (substitute raloxifene with ethinyl estradiol) is incorrect as ethinyl estradiol is not typically used for osteoporosis and may not be effective. Choice D (increase the daily dose of calcium carbonate) is incorrect as simply increasing calcium intake may not be sufficient to address the bone loss, especially in the presence of inadequate bone formation. Adding calcitonin addresses the root cause of bone loss in osteoporosis and is therefore the appropriate change in the treatment plan.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In this question from the ATI Endocrine Pharmacology Quizlet, the correct answer is A) Bromocriptine. Bromocriptine is not a hormone; it is a dopamine receptor agonist used to treat conditions like hyperprolactinemia and Parkinson's disease. It does not directly function as a hormone within the endocrine system. On the other hand, options B, C, and D are all hormones. Somatomedin (option B) is a hormone that mediates the effects of growth hormone, while somatotropin (option C) is another name for growth hormone itself. Thyroxine (option D) is a hormone produced by the thyroid gland that regulates metabolism. Understanding the distinction between hormones and other pharmacological agents is crucial in the field of endocrine pharmacology. This knowledge helps healthcare professionals make informed decisions when prescribing medications and treating endocrine disorders. It also underscores the importance of precise medication selection based on the specific hormonal imbalances or deficiencies present in a patient.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A) A 3-year-old cow on a dairy farm is least likely to be treated with somatropin. Somatropin is a synthetic form of human growth hormone used to treat growth hormone deficiency in humans. Cows do not have the same growth hormone deficiencies or genetic conditions that would necessitate the use of somatropin as in human patients. Option B) A 4-year-old girl with an XO genetic genotype has Turner syndrome, a condition that often results in short stature and may benefit from somatropin treatment to support growth. Option C) A 4-year-old boy with chronic renal failure and growth deficiency may require somatropin to help address growth issues associated with his condition. Option D) A 10-year-old boy with polydipsia and polyuria may have diabetes insipidus or another endocrine disorder that could potentially benefit from somatropin treatment to address growth issues. Educationally, understanding the appropriate use of somatropin based on underlying conditions and growth hormone deficiencies is crucial for healthcare providers to make informed treatment decisions for their patients. It is essential to consider the individual's medical history, genetic conditions, and endocrine disorders when determining the suitability of somatropin therapy.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this question, the correct answer is B) Decreased glomerular filtration rate. Thyroxine, also known as T4, is a thyroid hormone that plays a crucial role in regulating metabolism in the body. It increases metabolic rate, heart rate, and respiratory rate, leading to an acceleration of cardiac rate (option A). Thyroxine also can cause fine tremors in skeletal muscles (option C) due to its effects on the nervous system. Additionally, it can increase appetite (option D) as it speeds up metabolism and energy production, leading to a higher caloric need. The incorrect options can be explained as follows: - Option A: Acceleration of cardiac rate is a correct action of thyroxine. - Option C: Fine tremor of skeletal muscles is also a known effect of thyroxine. - Option D: Increased appetite is a common response to the increased metabolic rate caused by thyroxine. Educational context: Understanding the actions of thyroxine is essential in pharmacology as it is a commonly prescribed medication for thyroid conditions such as hypothyroidism. Knowing the effects of thyroxine helps healthcare providers monitor and manage patients on thyroid hormone replacement therapy effectively. It is crucial to differentiate between the expected and unexpected effects of thyroxine to ensure optimal patient care.