A 26-year-old male patient with a diagnosis of schizophrenia has been admitted with suspected hyponatremia after consuming copious quantities of tap water. Given this diagnosis, what clinical manifestations and lab results should the nurse anticipate the patient will exhibit?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Muscle weakness, lethargy, and headaches. In hyponatremia, there is a decrease in sodium levels in the blood leading to neurological symptoms. Muscle weakness is common due to altered nerve conduction, lethargy results from brain cell swelling, and headaches can occur due to cerebral edema. These symptoms align with the patient's suspected diagnosis of hyponatremia from excessive water intake. A: High urine specific gravity, tachycardia, and a weak, thready pulse - These symptoms are more indicative of dehydration rather than hyponatremia. B: Low blood pressure, dry mouth, and increased urine osmolality - These symptoms are more characteristic of hypernatremia, not hyponatremia. C: Increased hematocrit and blood urea nitrogen and seizures - These findings are not typical manifestations of hyponatremia.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Rationale for Correct Answer A: While administering calcium gluconate for hypocalcemia, monitoring for bradycardia and hypotension is essential due to the potential risk of cardiac arrhythmias with rapid calcium infusion. Bradycardia and hypotension are common signs of calcium gluconate toxicity. Therefore, close monitoring of vital signs is crucial to prevent serious complications. Summary of Incorrect Choices: B: Checking for signs of increased intracranial pressure is not directly related to calcium gluconate administration for hypocalcemia. C: Observing for symptoms of hyperkalemia is not relevant as calcium gluconate does not typically cause hyperkalemia. D: Evaluating for nausea and vomiting post-administration is not a priority compared to monitoring for bradycardia and hypotension, which are more critical potential side effects of calcium gluconate.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Hypokalemia. Loop diuretics inhibit the reabsorption of sodium and water in the loop of Henle, leading to increased excretion of potassium, which can result in hypokalemia. Hypernatremia (A) is not a common electrolyte imbalance associated with loop diuretics. Hypercalcemia (C) is not typically caused by loop diuretics and is more commonly associated with other conditions. Hypophosphatemia (D) is not a primary concern with loop diuretics compared to the risk of hypokalemia.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: To lose 1 lb (3,500 calories) over 7 days, reduce intake by 500 calories/day (3,500 ÷ 7 = 500).

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Vitamin C is water-soluble and not stored long-term, so daily intake is recommended.