A 26-year-old male patient with a diagnosis of schizophrenia has been admitted with suspected hyponatremia after consuming copious quantities of tap water. Given this diagnosis, what clinical manifestations and lab results should the nurse anticipate the patient will exhibit?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Muscle weakness, lethargy, and headaches. In hyponatremia, there is a decrease in sodium levels in the blood leading to neurological symptoms. Muscle weakness is common due to altered nerve conduction, lethargy results from brain cell swelling, and headaches can occur due to cerebral edema. These symptoms align with the patient's suspected diagnosis of hyponatremia from excessive water intake. A: High urine specific gravity, tachycardia, and a weak, thready pulse - These symptoms are more indicative of dehydration rather than hyponatremia. B: Low blood pressure, dry mouth, and increased urine osmolality - These symptoms are more characteristic of hypernatremia, not hyponatremia. C: Increased hematocrit and blood urea nitrogen and seizures - These findings are not typical manifestations of hyponatremia.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Rationale for Correct Answer A: While administering calcium gluconate for hypocalcemia, monitoring for bradycardia and hypotension is essential due to the potential risk of cardiac arrhythmias with rapid calcium infusion. Bradycardia and hypotension are common signs of calcium gluconate toxicity. Therefore, close monitoring of vital signs is crucial to prevent serious complications. Summary of Incorrect Choices: B: Checking for signs of increased intracranial pressure is not directly related to calcium gluconate administration for hypocalcemia. C: Observing for symptoms of hyperkalemia is not relevant as calcium gluconate does not typically cause hyperkalemia. D: Evaluating for nausea and vomiting post-administration is not a priority compared to monitoring for bradycardia and hypotension, which are more critical potential side effects of calcium gluconate.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Hypokalemia. Loop diuretics inhibit the reabsorption of sodium and water in the loop of Henle, leading to increased excretion of potassium, which can result in hypokalemia. Hypernatremia (A) is not a common electrolyte imbalance associated with loop diuretics. Hypercalcemia (C) is not typically caused by loop diuretics and is more commonly associated with other conditions. Hypophosphatemia (D) is not a primary concern with loop diuretics compared to the risk of hypokalemia.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is option C) 500 calories. This is because to lose 1 pound of fat, which is equivalent to 3,500 calories, over 7 days, a person needs to create a calorie deficit of 500 calories per day (3,500 ÷ 7 = 500). This gradual reduction in daily calorie intake allows for a sustainable weight loss plan that is both safe and effective. Option A) 100 calories is too small of a reduction to achieve the desired 3,500 calorie deficit over a week. It would take 35 days to lose 1 pound with a 100 calorie reduction per day, which is not consistent with the goal of losing 1 pound per week. Option B) 250 calories is also insufficient to reach the 3,500 calorie deficit needed for a pound of weight loss within a week. This reduction would result in a 1,750 calorie deficit over 7 days, falling short of the target. Option D) 1,000 calories is too aggressive of a reduction and may not be sustainable or safe for most individuals. Rapid weight loss can lead to muscle loss, nutrient deficiencies, and other health complications. Understanding the relationship between calorie intake and weight loss is crucial in designing a healthy and effective weight-loss plan. By choosing option C) 500 calories, the patient can achieve a realistic and manageable calorie deficit that supports gradual and sustainable weight loss, promoting long-term success and overall well-being.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In the context of nutrition and fluid balance, the correct answer to how often a nurse would recommend a patient to eat or drink a source of vitamin C is option D) every day. This recommendation is based on several important factors related to the properties and functions of vitamin C in the body. Vitamin C is a water-soluble vitamin, which means it is not stored in the body for an extended period like fat-soluble vitamins. As a result, regular and consistent intake of vitamin C is essential to maintain adequate levels in the body. Vitamin C plays a crucial role in various physiological functions such as collagen synthesis, immune function, wound healing, and as an antioxidant. Choosing option A) once a week or option C) three times a week would not provide sufficient and consistent levels of vitamin C to support these vital functions. Opting for option B) once a month would lead to a significant deficiency in vitamin C, which could result in health issues like scurvy. Educationally, understanding the importance of daily intake of vitamin C reinforces the concept of regular and balanced nutrition for overall health and well-being. By emphasizing the need for daily sources of vitamin C, individuals can make informed dietary choices to meet their nutritional requirements and maintain optimal health. This knowledge empowers individuals to take proactive steps towards improving their dietary habits and promoting a healthy lifestyle.