A 26 y/o seat-belted driver presents with diffuse abdominal tenderness and free air on abdominal films. The patient should:

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B, "Undergo prompt celiotomy." This is because the presence of free air on abdominal films in a seat-belted driver with diffuse abdominal tenderness indicates a likely intra-abdominal injury requiring surgical intervention. Prompt celiotomy allows for exploration of the abdomen to identify and repair any internal injuries. Choice A, peritoneal lavage, is not recommended as it does not provide definitive treatment for the underlying intra-abdominal injury. Choice C, contrast x-ray of the GI-tract, is unnecessary and delays definitive management. Choice D, observation for further evidence of intraabdominal injury, is not appropriate given the already identified signs of a serious abdominal injury that require immediate surgical intervention.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because retroperitoneal air on CT indicates a significant injury such as a hollow viscus perforation, which requires immediate laparotomy. Choice A, a distinct seat belt sign, may indicate abdominal injury but does not always necessitate surgery. Choice B, a grade 4 hepatic injury, can often be managed conservatively. Choice C, extraperitoneal bladder injury, can be managed non-operatively unless there are associated injuries. In summary, retroperitoneal air on CT is a strong indicator of a surgical emergency, while the other choices may not require immediate laparotomy.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: The nursing assistant. Nursing assistants have the most direct contact with residents as they provide daily care, assist with activities of daily living, and offer emotional support. They spend more time with residents compared to nurses, physicians, or activities directors. Nurses mainly focus on clinical assessments and medication administration, physicians on medical diagnosis and treatment, and activities directors on planning recreational activities. Nursing assistants have continuous hands-on interaction with residents, making them the primary caregivers in long-term care settings.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because sharing a resident's health information with other care team members is necessary for coordinated and effective care. Other team members need the information to provide appropriate treatment. Choice A is incorrect as sharing with anyone who asks violates resident privacy. Choice B is incorrect because not everyone in the facility needs access to health information. Choice C is incorrect as sharing with friends and family needs resident consent and may not always be appropriate for sensitive information.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because it involves personal feelings or opinions that cannot be objectively measured. Mrs. Parker stating she is dizzy is subjective as it is based on her own perception. Choice B is incorrect because a temperature of 0°F is an objective measurement. Choice C is incorrect as it is a factual event that can be verified. Choice D is incorrect as it is an observable behavior. Subjective information is based on personal interpretations or opinions, making choice A the best example.