A 26-week-gestation woman is diagnosed with severe preeclampsia with HELLP syndrome. The nurse will assess for which of the following signs/symptoms?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In the scenario presented, the correct answer is D) Epigastric pain. Severe preeclampsia with HELLP syndrome is a serious condition characterized by high blood pressure, protein in the urine, and liver abnormalities. Epigastric pain is a common symptom of HELLP syndrome and indicates liver distention. Assessing for epigastric pain is crucial as it can signify worsening of the condition and potential liver rupture, which is a life-threatening complication. Option A) Low serum creatinine is incorrect because in HELLP syndrome, renal function is usually impaired, leading to elevated serum creatinine levels. Option B) High serum protein is incorrect because while protein in the urine is a hallmark of preeclampsia, it is not specific to HELLP syndrome. Option C) Bloody stools is incorrect because it is not a typical sign/symptom associated with severe preeclampsia with HELLP syndrome. Educationally, understanding the signs and symptoms of maternal diseases like preeclampsia and HELLP syndrome is crucial for nurses and healthcare providers working in obstetrics. Prompt recognition and appropriate management of these conditions are vital to prevent maternal and fetal complications. Knowledge of these conditions helps in providing safe and effective care to pregnant women, ensuring better outcomes for both the mother and the baby.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In caring for an infant born with myelomeningocele, the highest priority nursing intervention is to protect the sac from injury (Option A). This is crucial to prevent infection and further damage to the exposed spinal cord. By covering the sac with a sterile, moist, non-adherent dressing, the risk of infection is minimized, and the infant is protected from trauma. Option B, preparing the parents for the child's paralysis, is important but not the highest priority at this moment. The immediate focus should be on protecting the sac to prevent complications. Option C, preparing for sac closure at around 2 years of age, is a valid intervention but is not the most urgent in the immediate postnatal period. Option D, assessing for cyanosis, is not directly related to the immediate care needed for a newborn with myelomeningocele. Educationally, understanding the critical nature of protecting the sac in infants with myelomeningocele highlights the importance of early intervention to prevent complications. Nurses play a vital role in educating parents and providing hands-on care to ensure the best outcomes for these vulnerable infants. By prioritizing sac protection, nurses can contribute significantly to the infant's well-being and long-term health.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Rationale: The correct answer is A) Cardiac disease may demonstrate signs and symptoms of respiratory illness. This statement is correct because congenital anomalies of the cardiovascular system can often present with symptoms that mimic respiratory issues. Due to the close anatomical and functional relationship between the heart and lungs, cardiac abnormalities can lead to respiratory distress or symptoms, making it crucial to consider cardiac conditions in infants presenting with respiratory symptoms. Option B is incorrect because screening for congenital anomalies of the respiratory system should be comprehensive and not limited to only those infants experiencing respiratory distress. Early detection through routine screening is essential to identify and manage these anomalies effectively. Option C is incorrect because choanal atresia, a nasal cavity obstruction, typically requires a surgical intervention such as a choanoplasty, rather than simple removal using a suction catheter. Option D is incorrect as congenital diaphragmatic hernias are often diagnosed prenatally through imaging studies and require urgent management immediately after birth to prevent serious respiratory and cardiovascular complications. In an educational context, understanding the interconnectedness of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems in infants is crucial for healthcare professionals involved in the care of neonates. Recognizing the potential overlap of symptoms and the need for comprehensive screening and timely interventions are essential to improve outcomes for infants with congenital anomalies.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A) Mild cases involve a single surgical procedure. Rationale: - The nurse should inform the parents that mild cases of hypospadias often only require a single surgical procedure to correct the penile abnormality. This information reassures the parents that the condition can be effectively treated with a relatively straightforward procedure. Why the other options are incorrect: - Option B) Infant should be circumcised: Circumcision is not a treatment for hypospadias. It is a separate procedure and should not be confused with the surgical correction of hypospadias. - Option C) Repair is performed as soon as possible after birth: While early correction is recommended to prevent potential complications, the urgency of the surgery may vary based on the severity of the condition and the overall health of the newborn. - Option D) No correlation exists between hypospadias and testicular cancer: This statement is irrelevant to the immediate concerns of the parents regarding the treatment and management of hypospadias in their newborn. Educational context: - It is crucial for nurses to provide accurate and clear information to parents of newborns with congenital conditions like hypospadias. By understanding the treatment options and outcomes, parents can make informed decisions and feel more empowered to support their child through the necessary medical interventions. This education helps alleviate anxiety and fosters trust in the healthcare team.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) is an inflammatory condition that can develop as a complication of untreated or inadequately treated streptococcal pharyngitis caused by Group A Streptococcus bacteria. The correct answer is A) Streptococcal pharyngitis because this infection can lead to an autoimmune response where antibodies attack not only the bacteria but also healthy tissues, including heart valves, causing RHD. Option B) Primary syphilis is caused by Treponema pallidum, a different bacterium that does not typically lead to RHD. Option C) Pneumococcal pneumonia is caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, a different bacterium that does not have a direct link to RHD. Option D) Chlamydial vaginitis is caused by Chlamydia trachomatis, a bacterium that is not associated with the development of RHD. Educationally, understanding the link between streptococcal infections and rheumatic heart disease is crucial for healthcare providers, especially in regions where access to healthcare and antibiotics may be limited. Early detection and appropriate treatment of streptococcal infections can prevent the development of RHD, highlighting the importance of timely and effective management of infections to prevent long-term complications like RHD.