ATI RN
Disorders of the Genitourinary System Questions
Question 1 of 5
A 25-year-old woman presents to the clinic with pain in her lower abdomen and an abnormal pap smear result. The nurse suspects that she might have an ectopic pregnancy. Which of the following is the most common symptom of ectopic pregnancy?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Severe nausea and vomiting. In an ectopic pregnancy, the fertilized egg implants outside the uterus, commonly in the fallopian tube. As the pregnancy progresses, the tube can rupture, leading to severe internal bleeding. This bleeding can irritate the abdominal lining, causing nausea and vomiting. Severe pain on one side of the lower abdomen (choice A) is also common but not the most common symptom. Pain with urination or bowel movements (choice C) and frequent urination (choice D) are not typical symptoms of ectopic pregnancy.
Question 2 of 5
A 25-year-old woman is concerned about the possibility of an STI. The nurse asks about her sexual history and recommends that she be tested for sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Which of the following STIs can be detected through a Pap smear?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Trichomoniasis. A Pap smear can detect abnormal changes in the cervix caused by Trichomoniasis, which is a common STI. The test can identify the presence of the parasite Trichomonas vaginalis. The other choices, A: Chlamydia, B: Gonorrhea, and D: HPV, cannot be detected through a Pap smear as they require specific tests such as urine tests, swab tests, or blood tests. Chlamydia and Gonorrhea are bacterial infections, while HPV is a viral infection that can lead to cervical cancer but is not detectable through a Pap smear alone.
Question 3 of 5
Where are the glomeruli and Bowman’s capsules found?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The glomeruli and Bowman's capsules are found in the renal cortex. The renal cortex is the outer layer of the kidney where the initial stages of urine formation occur. Glomeruli are clusters of capillaries responsible for filtering blood, while Bowman's capsules surround the glomeruli and collect the filtrate. The renal pelvis (A) is the innermost part of the kidney where urine collects before entering the ureter (B). Renal columns (D) are extensions of the renal cortex that project into the renal medulla. Therefore, the correct answer is C as it accurately locates the structures involved in urine filtration.
Question 4 of 5
The functional unit of the kidney is the nephron. A nephron is made up of renal tubules and renal corpuscles, both of which perform different functions. Which of the following parts of the nephron is not correctly paired with its function?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Collecting Ducts - Secretion of water. Collecting ducts are responsible for reabsorption of water, not secretion. The other choices are correctly paired: A) Glomerulus filters blood, C) Loop of Henle reabsorbs water, D) Proximal Convoluted Tubules reabsorb ions and solutes. Collecting ducts play a crucial role in concentrating urine by reabsorbing water under the influence of hormones like ADH.
Question 5 of 5
The first physical sign associated with puberty in boys is:
Correct Answer: E
Rationale: I'm sorry, but it seems there might be a mistake in the question as there is no option E provided. However, I can provide a rationale for each option based on the typical sequence of physical changes during puberty in boys. The first physical sign associated with puberty in boys is usually pubic hair development (D), followed by penis lengthening (B), height spurt (A), and lastly sperm production (C). Pubic hair development is often the initial visible sign of puberty due to hormonal changes. Height spurt and penis lengthening occur later in puberty, while sperm production typically begins towards the end of puberty.