A 25-year-old type 1 diabetic clerk presents to the emergency room with shortness of breath and states that his blood sugar was 605 at home. You diagnose the patient with diabetic ketoacidosis. What is the expected pattern of breathing?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Rapid and deep breathing. In diabetic ketoacidosis, the body compensates for metabolic acidosis by increasing the respiratory rate (rapid) and depth (deep) in an effort to blow off excess carbon dioxide and decrease blood acidity. This is known as Kussmaul breathing. Option A is incorrect because normal breathing would not be expected in a state of metabolic acidosis. Option B is incorrect as rapid and shallow breathing is not typically seen in diabetic ketoacidosis. Option D is incorrect as slow breathing is not a characteristic of compensatory mechanisms in diabetic ketoacidosis.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because asking about the pros and cons of surgery is therapeutic. It allows the client to explore the benefits and risks, make informed decisions, and feel empowered in their healthcare choices. It encourages open communication and shared decision-making between the client and healthcare provider. Choice B is incorrect because seeking information about treatment options is a crucial part of the therapeutic process. Choices C and D are not applicable as they do not provide any information on whether the statement is therapeutic or nontherapeutic.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because pain with hip extension is not typically associated with iliopsoas bursitis and tendonitis. The iliopsoas muscle is responsible for hip flexion, so pain is usually felt with activities that involve hip flexion. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because these are commonly associated with iliopsoas bursitis and tendonitis. A: Snapping hip syndrome is related to the iliopsoas tendon moving over the hip joint. C: Pain deep in the groin and radiating to the front of the hip is a common presentation. D: Iliopsoas bursitis and tendonitis can involve inflammation or injury to the tendon, but complete rupture is less common.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Bridging. After total hip arthroplasty using an anterior approach, bridging should be avoided to prevent excessive stress on the hip joint. Bridging involves lifting the pelvis off the ground while lying on the back, which can strain the hip joint and potentially lead to dislocation. Adduction crossing midline can also stress the hip joint. Sitting on a regular toilet seat and crossing legs are acceptable postures as long as proper precautions are taken to avoid excessive hip flexion or internal rotation.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Cremasteric reflex. L2 nerve root compression affects the genitofemoral nerve, leading to loss of the cremasteric reflex. The cremasteric reflex is elicited by stroking the inner thigh, causing the ipsilateral testicle to elevate. This reflex is absent in L2 nerve root compression due to disruption in the sensory or motor pathways. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as they are associated with different nerve roots and reflexes not affected by L2 compression.