ATI RN
Chemotherapy drugs Questions
Question 1 of 5
A 25-year-old man presents to the emergency department with severe abdominal pain, rigors, and a temperature of 39°C. For the past 2 days, he has suffered from right lower quadrant pain and only came to the hospital when it suddenly worsened. The physician suspects ruptured appendicitis and administers imipenem with cilastatin. Cilastatin blocks which of the following enzymes to increase imipenem's efficacy?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Cilastatin inhibits renal dehydropeptidase, preventing imipenem breakdown in the kidneys, thus increasing its efficacy and duration in treating infections like ruptured appendicitis.
Question 2 of 5
A 55-year-old woman is hospitalized for treatment of osteomyelitis. The infectious organism is found to be susceptible to gentamicin so she is started on a once-daily dose of intravenous gentamicin. Which of the following symptoms may be a signal to the physician to stop gentamicin therapy?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Tinnitus is a sign of ototoxicity, a serious side effect of gentamicin (an aminoglycoside), indicating potential cochlear damage, warranting discontinuation to prevent hearing loss.
Question 3 of 5
A 16-year-old boy presents to the ambulatory care clinic with a persistent dry cough. He had cleaned out a barn attic that was full of bats about 2 weeks ago and has had the cough for 5 days. The physician suspects histoplasmosis. Which would be the best treatment for this patient?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Ketoconazole is effective against Histoplasma capsulatum, a fungus contracted from bat guano, inhibiting ergosterol synthesis in fungal membranes.
Question 4 of 5
The rationale behind the lack of use of the antibiotic tetracycline in modern day medicine relates to which of the following?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Tetracycline resistance is widespread due to efflux pumps in bacteria, which actively expel the drug, reducing its intracellular concentration and effectiveness.
Question 5 of 5
A 42-year-old man with a history of recurrent mycoplasma pulmonary infections presents with similar complaints. Sputum culture reveals that the organism present demonstrates resistance to erythromycin and the macrolide antibiotic class. What is the most likely explanation for this finding?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Mycoplasma resistance to erythromycin is often due to plasmid-associated erythromycin esterase, which hydrolyzes the drug, rendering it inactive.