ATI RN
Quizlet ATI Pharmacology Final Questions
Question 1 of 5
A 24-year-old woman medical student with a history of depression presents to the emergency department with tachycardia and shallow breathing. After her initial presentation, she begins to become confused and has a seizure. An ECG is performed and shows QT prolongation. An arterial blood gas shows metabolic acidosis. She has been taking antidepressants for a couple of years, but her depression is worsening. She had a test yesterday and told her mother that she felt she did poorly. There is concern that she has overdosed on her medication. What is the most appropriate treatment?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: TCA overdose (QT prolongation, seizures, acidosis) requires sodium bicarbonate . It corrects acidosis and stabilizes cardiac membranes. Ammonium chloride worsens acidosis. Atropine and Flumazenil are irrelevant. N-acetylcysteine (E) is for acetaminophen. Bicarbonate addresses her acute toxicity.
Question 2 of 5
Samuel, a 65-year-old patient comes into the hospital for an anginal attack. Which of the following is an important nursing intervention when administering Nitroglycerine?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: It is important to remove the transdermal Nitroglycerine patch for 10-12 hours every night to prevent the development of tolerance. Tolerance can occur when the body becomes less responsive to the medication over time, reducing its effectiveness. By allowing a break in Nitroglycerine administration overnight, tolerance development can be minimized, ensuring the medication remains effective for the patient when needed. This nursing intervention helps to maintain the efficacy of Nitroglycerine in managing anginal attacks for the patient.
Question 3 of 5
What is the theraputic classification of Atropine?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Atropine belongs to the therapeutic class of antiarrhythmics. It is commonly used to treat and prevent certain types of abnormal heart rhythms, including bradycardia (slow heart rate) and heart block. Atropine works by blocking acetylcholine receptors in the heart, leading to an increase in heart rate and improved conduction of electrical impulses in the heart. This helps to restore normal heart rhythm and improve cardiac function in patients with specific arrhythmias.
Question 4 of 5
A 60-year-old man with agitation is hospitalized on the medicine service for hyponatremia. He is being treated with intravenous fluids and haloperidol. He develops new onset of tremors and difficulty with ambulation and gait disturbance. What is the most likely explanation for these findings?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The patient's new tremors, ambulation issues, and gait disturbance during hospitalization for hyponatremia suggest a drug-related cause. Haloperidol, an antipsychotic, is known for extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS)-tremors, rigidity, and gait problems-making iatrogenic the correct answer. Infection lacks supporting fever or systemic signs. Neoplastic process is unlikely without prior hints. Viral encephalitis would involve fever, altered mentation beyond agitation, and CSF findings, none present. Haloperidol's dopamine D2 blockade in the nigrostriatal pathway induces EPS, especially in older patients, aligning with the timeline and symptoms. This iatrogenic effect is a common adverse reaction, distinguishing it from unrelated pathologies in this context.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving cyclobenzaprine hydrochloride (Flexeril) for the treatment of muscle spasm. Which of the following medical conditions is contraindicated with the use of the medication?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Cyclobenzaprine, a muscle relaxant, has anticholinergic effects that can exacerbate angle-closure glaucoma by increasing intraocular pressure. It is contraindicated in patients with this condition. While it may cause dry mouth or urinary retention, it is not specifically contraindicated in diabetes, emphysema, or urinary tract infections. The anticholinergic properties of cyclobenzaprine make it unsuitable for patients with angle-closure glaucoma.