A 24-year-old sexually active woman presents to her primary care physician with vaginal itching and a greenish, frothy vaginal discharge. Her boyfriend is asymptomatic. She is prescribed metronidazole for Trichomonas vaginalis. Which of the following should be told to avoid while taking metronidazole?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Metronidazole treats Trichomonas vaginalis, and alcohol must be avoided. It inhibits aldehyde dehydrogenase, causing a disulfiram-like reaction (nausea, flushing). Aspirin , caffeine , grapefruit juice , and machinery (E) lack this interaction. This precaution prevents severe discomfort, ensuring treatment adherence.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: A sudden increase in temperature (fever) to 101.5°F in a client receiving Pentamidine IV for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia would most likely indicate the client has developed another infection. This is because Pentamidine IV is an antibiotic used to treat Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, and a new fever during treatment would suggest a new or persistent infection causing the elevated temperature. It is important for the nurse to assess the client further and consider additional diagnostic tests or treatments for the new infection while continuing to monitor and manage the initial condition for which Pentamidine was prescribed.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Warfarin is an oral anticoagulant that works by inhibiting the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors in the liver. Therefore, the antidote for Warfarin overdose or to reverse its effects is vitamin K. Vitamin K helps in replenishing the depleted vitamin K-dependent clotting factors, allowing the blood to clot normally again. Administering vitamin K helps in reversing the anticoagulant effects of Warfarin, preventing excessive bleeding or hemorrhage.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Androgen therapy in men, typically testosterone replacement, aims to boost libido and treat erectile dysfunction by restoring normal androgen levels, countering hypogonadism's effects like reduced sexual drive. Decreasing libido contradicts its purpose, as low testosterone already dims desire. It doesn't release follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)-exogenous androgens may suppress FSH and LH via feedback inhibition. Increasing luteinizing hormone (LH) isn't the goal; therapy bypasses LH by directly providing testosterone. Raising libido aligns with correcting symptoms of androgen deficiency, improving quality of life and sexual function, a primary clinical indication supported by its action on androgen receptors in sexual tissues.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Antihistamines for allergies (e.g., diphenhydramine) target H1 receptors , blocking histamine's effects like itching or sneezing. B1 and B2 receptors (choices B, C) involve adrenergic responses (e.g., heart rate, bronchodilation), unrelated to histamine. C1 isn't a recognized receptor. H1 blockade is the mechanism for allergy relief, making choice A correct, reflecting antihistamines' specific pharmacological action critical for nurses to understand.