A 24-year-old man with severe cognitive impairment, and no relatives participating in his care, needs to make a decision about removal of a brain tumor. Which ethical concept is the client unable to benefit from?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is A) Autonomy. Autonomy refers to a person's right to make their own decisions about their healthcare, based on their own values and preferences. In this case, the client with severe cognitive impairment lacks the capacity to fully understand the implications of the decision regarding the removal of the brain tumor, thus impeding his ability to exercise autonomy. Option B) Justice relates to fairness and equal treatment in healthcare. While this is an important ethical concept, it is not the primary concern in this scenario. Option C) Beneficence refers to the obligation to act in the best interest of the patient and to promote their well-being. This concept is relevant in healthcare decision-making, but in this case, the client's inability to benefit from autonomy takes precedence. Option D) Advocacy involves speaking on behalf of the patient's best interests. While advocacy is crucial, in this context, the fundamental issue lies in the client's lack of autonomy due to cognitive impairment. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of understanding ethical principles in healthcare decision-making. It underscores the need to consider the capacity of individuals to make informed choices and the role of healthcare providers in upholding ethical standards when patients are unable to do so themselves.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In assessing a client's activity-exercise pattern, the subjective finding of a person's amount of leisure time has implications for nursing practice because it provides insight into their overall lifestyle and potential barriers to engaging in physical activity. Leisure time availability can impact a person's ability to incorporate exercise into their daily routine, affecting their health outcomes. Nurses can use this information to tailor interventions that fit the client's schedule and preferences. Option A, a person's decreased muscle tone, is incorrect as it is a physical assessment finding rather than a subjective one. Option C, a person's decreased range of motion, is also incorrect as it pertains to a physical assessment rather than a subjective report. Option D, a person's use of a cane, is incorrect as it is a functional assessment finding related to mobility aids, not a subjective report on activity-exercise patterns. Educationally, understanding the importance of assessing leisure time in activity-exercise patterns helps nurses develop holistic care plans that consider individual preferences and lifestyle factors. It emphasizes the need for personalized interventions to promote physical activity and overall well-being based on each client's unique circumstances.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A) requires interventions for problem drinking. The T-ACE test is a screening tool used to assess alcohol consumption in pregnant women. A score of 2 or more indicates the need for further assessment and possible interventions. In this case, a score of 3 suggests that the woman may have issues with alcohol consumption during pregnancy, which can have serious consequences for both the mother and the developing fetus. Option B) lacks evidence of problem drinking is incorrect because a T-ACE score of 3 indicates the presence of potential problem drinking behaviors that need to be addressed. Option C) requires interventions for sexually transmitted disease risks is incorrect as the T-ACE test specifically assesses alcohol consumption and does not provide information about STD risks. Option D) lacks evidence of sexually transmitted disease risks is also incorrect for the same reason as option C. It is important for nurses to be able to accurately interpret screening tools like the T-ACE test to provide appropriate care and interventions for their patients. Understanding the implications of screening results is crucial in promoting the health and well-being of individuals, especially pregnant women and their unborn babies.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this question, the correct answer is option B) 72-year-old white woman. This individual is at risk for a dysfunction in elimination pattern due to age-related changes such as decreased muscle tone in the pelvic floor, decreased bladder capacity, and decreased kidney function. Older adults are more prone to urinary incontinence, constipation, and other elimination issues. Option A) 46-year-old mother of two is less likely to experience elimination pattern dysfunction compared to an older individual due to her younger age and lack of specific risk factors associated with aging. Option C) 32-year-old African American man is also less likely to be at risk for elimination pattern dysfunction in comparison to the older adult in option B. Age plays a significant role in the development of elimination issues. Option D) 15-year-old girl is less likely to have elimination pattern dysfunction as she is in her youth and unlikely to have age-related changes affecting elimination patterns. Educationally, understanding risk factors for elimination pattern dysfunction based on age and demographic factors is crucial in nursing practice to provide appropriate care and interventions for individuals at risk. It is essential for nurses to assess these risk factors and implement strategies to promote healthy elimination patterns across the lifespan.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the context of assessing a person's nutritional-metabolic pattern, the correct answer is B) The person's dentition. Dentition refers to the condition of a person's teeth, which is crucial for proper mastication and digestion of food. Poor dentition can lead to difficulties in chewing, which can impact the person's ability to consume a balanced diet, leading to nutritional deficiencies. As a nurse, assessing the person's dentition provides valuable information about their ability to effectively break down food for proper absorption of nutrients. Option A) The person's 24-hour diet diary is important for understanding the person's eating habits and nutrient intake, but it provides subjective information that may not always reflect the actual nutritional status or issues related to digestion. Option C) The person's food preferences are relevant for individualizing dietary recommendations, but they do not necessarily provide objective information about the person's current nutritional-metabolic status or potential issues. Option D) The person's financial status is important in understanding potential barriers to accessing nutritious food, but it does not directly provide information about the person's current nutritional-metabolic pattern that would require immediate nursing intervention. Educationally, understanding the significance of assessing dentition in relation to nutritional-metabolic patterns highlights the holistic approach nurses must take in evaluating a person's overall health and well-being. It underscores the importance of considering physical factors that can impact nutritional intake and metabolism, guiding nursing interventions to promote optimal health outcomes.