A 22-year-old patient calls the outpatient clinic complaining of nausea and vomiting and right lower abdominal pain. What should the nurse advise the patient to do?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because the patient is experiencing symptoms that could indicate appendicitis, a serious condition that requires immediate medical attention. Nausea, vomiting, and right lower abdominal pain are classic signs of appendicitis. Advising the patient to have the symptoms evaluated by a healthcare provider right away is crucial to prevent potential complications like a ruptured appendix. Choice A is incorrect because using a heating pad may worsen the condition if it is indeed appendicitis. Choice B is incorrect because drinking juice may not address the underlying cause of the symptoms. Choice C is incorrect because taking a laxative is not recommended as it could potentially aggravate the condition. In summary, choice D is the correct answer as it prioritizes the patient's health and safety by seeking prompt medical evaluation for the concerning symptoms.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why choice D is correct: Activation of the complement system by antigen-antibody complexes leads to systemic effects in viral hepatitis. This process triggers inflammation, tissue damage, and immune responses that contribute to the systemic effects seen in viral hepatitis. The other choices (A, B, and C) do not directly cause systemic effects in viral hepatitis. Cholestasis and impaired portal circulation are more localized effects, while toxins produced by the infected liver may contribute to liver damage but not necessarily systemic effects.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Abstinence from alcohol is the most important factor in improvement of the patient's condition. This is because alcohol is the primary cause of alcoholic cirrhosis, and continued consumption can worsen liver damage. Abstinence allows the liver to heal and potentially improve function. Explanation of why the other choices are incorrect: A: A daily exercise regimen is important for overall health but may not specifically increase blood flow through the liver in alcoholic cirrhosis. B: Cirrhosis is irreversible, although proper rest and nutrition can help manage symptoms and prevent further damage. D: Acetaminophen can be harmful to the liver in high doses and should be used cautiously in patients with cirrhosis.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Prepare for surgery immediately. This is the priority action because acute cholecystitis with suspected perforation is a surgical emergency that requires prompt intervention to prevent serious complications such as sepsis. Surgery is needed to remove the inflamed gallbladder and repair any perforation. Administering IV fluids, pain medication, and antibiotics are important supportive measures but do not address the underlying issue. Monitoring vital signs is also crucial, but immediate surgical intervention takes precedence in this critical situation.