ATI RN
Biology Human Reproductive System Questions
Question 1 of 5
A 22 year old male presents in your clinic, c/o pain in his testicle and penis. The pain began last night and has steadily become worse. He hurts when he urinates. He has not attempted intercourse since the pain began. He has tried Tylenol and Ibuprofen without improvement. Denies fever or night sweats. He has had 4 previous sexual partners and has had a new partner for the last month. She is using oral contraceptives and they do not use a condom. On exam, you see a young man lying on his side, mildly ill. His temp is 100.2. There are no visible lesions on the penis, or discharge from the meatus. The scrotum appears normal. Palpation of the testes reveals severe tenderness at the superior pole of the normal-sized left testicle. He also has tenderness when you palpate the structures superior to the testicle through the scrotal wall. The right testicle is unremarkable. An examining finger is placed through each inguinal ring without bulges noted with bearing down. Urine analysis shows WBCs and bacteria. What diagnosis of the male genitalia is most likely?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Acute epididymitis. The patient's symptoms of pain in the testicle and penis, worsened pain with urination, and presence of WBCs and bacteria in the urine analysis are indicative of an infection. The severe tenderness at the superior pole of the left testicle and tenderness on palpation of structures superior to the testicle through the scrotal wall suggest involvement of the epididymis. The risk factors of multiple sexual partners and recent unprotected intercourse also support the diagnosis of epididymitis, which is commonly caused by sexually transmitted infections. Acute orchitis (choice A) typically presents with swelling and tenderness of the entire testicle, not just the epididymis. Torsion of the spermatic cord (choice C) presents with sudden onset severe testicular pain and may have a high-riding testicle. Prostatitis (choice D) presents with symptoms related to the prostate gland, such as pelvic
Question 2 of 5
Estrogen is required for normal reproductive function in the male. Where is the principal site of estrogen synthesis in the male?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rationale: 1. The correct answer is C: Liver cells. The liver is the principal site of estrogen synthesis in the male. 2. Liver cells contain the enzyme aromatase, which converts androgens into estrogens. 3. Estrogen plays a crucial role in maintaining normal reproductive function in males. 4. Leydig cells (Choice A) are responsible for testosterone production, not estrogen synthesis. 5. Osteoblasts (Choice B) are bone cells involved in bone formation, not estrogen synthesis. 6. Prostate cells (Choice D) are involved in prostate function, not estrogen synthesis.
Question 3 of 5
If a woman has a tumor secreting large amounts of estrogen from the adrenal gland, which of the following will occur?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Correct Answer: B - Her luteinizing hormone secretion rate will be totally suppressed Rationale: 1. The tumor secretes large amounts of estrogen, which can lead to negative feedback on the hypothalamus and pituitary gland. 2. Luteinizing hormone (LH) is crucial for ovulation and normal menstrual cycles. 3. High estrogen levels can suppress LH secretion, disrupting ovulation and menstrual cycles. Summary of other choices: A: Progesterone levels may actually be elevated due to the tumor-induced high estrogen levels. C: The disruption of LH secretion can lead to abnormal menstrual cycles. D: High estrogen levels can lead to bone loss due to inhibition of bone formation and increased bone resorption.
Question 4 of 5
Infants of mothers who had adequate nutrition during pregnancy do not require iron supplements or a diet rich in iron until about 3 months of age. Why is this?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: The fetal liver stores enough iron to meet the infant’s needs until the third month. During pregnancy, the fetus accumulates iron stores in the liver from the mother, which can sustain the infant's iron needs for the first few months of life. This stored iron is gradually utilized by the infant as the maternal iron supply diminishes post-birth. Explanation of why the other choices are incorrect: A: Growth of the infant does require iron even in the early months for various metabolic processes and functions. C: Synthesis of new red blood cells starts shortly after birth, not necessarily after 3 months. D: Myoglobin is not directly related to iron supplementation needs in infants and is unrelated to the timing of iron supplementation requirements.
Question 5 of 5
During the latter stages of pregnancy, many women experience an increase in body hair growth in a masculine pattern. What is the explanation for this?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Step 1: Maternal and fetal adrenal glands secrete androgenic steroids. Step 2: Placenta uses these androgenic steroids to form estrogen. Step 3: Increased estrogen levels can lead to body hair growth. Therefore, the correct answer (C) is supported by the process of androgenic steroids being secreted by the adrenal glands, utilized by the placenta to form estrogen, resulting in increased body hair growth. Summary: A (The ovaries secrete some testosterone along with estrogen) is incorrect as testosterone is not primarily secreted by the ovaries late in pregnancy. B (The fetal ovaries and testes secrete androgenic steroids) is incorrect as the primary source of androgenic steroids in this context is the adrenal glands, not fetal ovaries or testes. D (The placenta secretes estrogen, some of which is metabolized to testosterone) is incorrect as the main source of estrogen in this scenario is from the and