ATI RN
ATI Pharmacology Made Easy 4.0 Infection Questions
Question 1 of 5
A 20-year-old man is diagnosed to have acute schizophrenia. Which of the following is an appropriate first-line treatment?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Acute schizophrenia requires antipsychotics for positive symptoms (e.g., hallucinations). IV haloperidol is for acute agitation, not first-line outpatient treatment. IM flupentixol, a long-acting typical antipsychotic, suits maintenance, not initial therapy. Oral olanzapine, an atypical antipsychotic, is first-line, balancing efficacy (D2/5-HT2 blockade) and lower extrapyramidal risk, suitable for a young patient. Procyclidine treats parkinsonism, not schizophrenia. Fluoxetine is for depression. Olanzapine's oral route and profile make it ideal for initial management, promoting adherence and tolerability.
Question 2 of 5
Pethidine:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Pethidine has less potency than morphine and can reduce uterine activity at term.
Question 3 of 5
While caring for a patient with cirrhosis or hepatitis, the nurse knows that abnormalities in which phase of pharmacokinetics may occur?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Cirrhosis and hepatitis impair liver function, which directly affects the metabolism of drugs. The liver is responsible for metabolizing many medications through processes such as oxidation, reduction, and hydrolysis. When liver function is compromised, drug metabolism may be slowed, leading to increased drug levels and a higher risk of toxicity. While absorption, distribution, and excretion can also be affected by liver disease, metabolism is the most significantly impacted phase. Therefore, nurses must carefully monitor drug dosages and consider alternative medications for patients with liver dysfunction.
Question 4 of 5
At what point does atropine hit its peak for IM injections?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Atropine given via intramuscular (IM) injection typically reaches its peak effects within 15 to 50 minutes after administration. The onset of action is relatively rapid, with faster absorption and distribution compared to oral administration. The effects of atropine can be seen within minutes, reaching peak concentration within the specified time frame. This rapid onset is important clinically when atropine is used to treat conditions such as bradycardia or nerve agent poisoning where a quick response is needed.
Question 5 of 5
Nurse Bryan knows that the age group that uses the most units of blood and blood products is:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Premature infants, especially those born very premature or with health complications, often require blood transfusions due to their underdeveloped organs and medical conditions. Their small size and medical fragility make them the age group that typically uses the most units of blood and blood products. This high demand for blood products is necessary to support their growth, development, and overall health. Conversely, while individuals in other age groups may also require blood transfusions, premature infants have specific and ongoing needs that often result in a greater overall use of blood and blood products in this age group.