ATI RN
Quizlet Genitourinary System Questions
Question 1 of 5
A 20 year old male patient is diagnosed with Chaga’s disease, American trypanosomiasis. Which drug would be the most appropriate for this patient?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Nifurtimox. Nifurtimox is the first-line treatment for Chagas disease caused by Trypanosoma cruzi. It is effective in treating both acute and chronic phases of the disease by reducing parasitemia. Metronidazole (B) is used for anaerobic bacterial infections, not trypanosomiasis. Suramin (C) is used for African trypanosomiasis, not American trypanosomiasis. Chloroquine (D) is used for malaria, not trypanosomiasis. Therefore, A is the most appropriate choice for this patient.
Question 2 of 5
A patient with adrenal tumor has symptoms of hypertension, edema, hypernatremia and hypokalemia. Which drug would be most likely to prescribe to antagonize the renal and systemic side effects of the hormone excess?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Spironolactone. Spironolactone is a potassium-sparing diuretic that works by antagonizing aldosterone, which is responsible for the symptoms of hypertension, edema, hypernatremia, and hypokalemia seen in adrenal tumor. By blocking aldosterone receptors, spironolactone helps to reduce sodium reabsorption and potassium excretion, thus counteracting the hormonal effects. Bumetanide (choice B) and Furosemide (choice C) are loop diuretics that primarily work by inhibiting sodium reabsorption in the loop of Henle and are unlikely to be as effective in this scenario. Acetazolamide (choice D) is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor that works in the proximal tubule and is not indicated for the specific hormonal effects seen in this case.
Question 3 of 5
Thiazide diuretics may produce an increase in blood levels of uric acid and:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Thiazide diuretics can lead to hyperglycemia by reducing insulin sensitivity. This can result in increased blood glucose levels. Thiazides also elevate uric acid levels by reducing its excretion. Therefore, the correct answer is D (Glucose). Incorrect choices: A (Potassium) - Thiazides typically cause hypokalemia, not hyperkalemia. B (BUN) and C (Urea) - Thiazides may cause a slight increase in BUN and serum creatinine levels due to reduced kidney function, but not as significantly as glucose levels.
Question 4 of 5
A patient has very high plasma uric acid and has high risk of developing acute uric acid nephropathy. Which of the following agent should be avoided?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Furosemide. Furosemide is a loop diuretic which can increase uric acid levels in the blood, potentially worsening the patient's condition. Ethacrynic acid (A) is also a loop diuretic and can have similar effects. Acetazolamide (B) is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor and may increase urinary excretion of uric acid, which can be beneficial in this case. Hydrochlorothiazide (C) is a thiazide diuretic that can actually lower uric acid levels by increasing urinary excretion. Therefore, the best choice to avoid in a patient with high plasma uric acid and risk of acute uric acid nephropathy is furosemide.
Question 5 of 5
A patient is being treated with furosemide and Digoxin because of CHF. She developed UTI. Which of the following antibiotics should NOT be prescribed?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Gentamycin. Gentamycin is known to have potential nephrotoxicity, which can exacerbate renal dysfunction caused by furosemide. It should be avoided in patients with CHF and UTI. Cotrimoxazole (A) can be used with caution, Ciprofloxacin (B) is generally safe, and Ampicillin (D) is a suitable choice for UTI treatment in this scenario.