A 2-year-old is noted to be drinking from a container filled with kerosene. He immediately coughs, becomes tachypneic, and is brought to the hospital. The best approach to his treatment is to

Correct Answer: E

Rationale: The correct approach to the treatment of a 2-year-old who ingested kerosene and is presenting with symptoms like coughing and tachypnea is to provide supportive care and manage symptoms. Therefore, the best approach is not listed among the options provided. In this scenario, immediate medical attention is crucial to address potential respiratory distress and prevent further complications. Option A) inducing emesis is not recommended due to the risk of aspiration, which can worsen the respiratory symptoms and cause additional harm. Option B) performing nasogastric tube lavage is invasive and not typically indicated in cases of hydrocarbon ingestion. Option C) instilling mineral oil is not supported by evidence and may lead to aspiration or other complications. Option D) administering steroids is not indicated in the acute management of hydrocarbon ingestion in a pediatric patient. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of recognizing the dangers of hydrocarbon ingestion in children and the need for prompt and appropriate medical intervention in such cases. It emphasizes the critical role of healthcare providers in managing pediatric emergencies effectively and underscores the significance of evidence-based practice in pediatric care.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In this question from the NCLEX RN Pediatric Questions, the correct answer is D) hypothermia. Hypothermia is not a recognizable teratogen because it is a condition caused by low body temperature and not a substance or agent that can cause birth defects. Ethanol (option A) is a known teratogen that can result in fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. Antiepileptic medications (option B) have been associated with an increased risk of birth defects when taken during pregnancy. Toxoplasmosis (option C) is an infection caused by the parasite Toxoplasma gondii, which can be transmitted to the fetus during pregnancy and cause congenital toxoplasmosis. Educationally, understanding teratogens is crucial for healthcare professionals working with pregnant women to help prevent exposure to harmful substances that can affect fetal development. Recognizing teratogens and their effects can guide healthcare providers in advising pregnant women on lifestyle choices and medications to ensure the health and well-being of both the mother and the developing fetus.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B) 2 yr. This question pertains to pediatric growth and development. By the age of 2 years, a child's birthweight usually quadruples. This rapid growth is a crucial indicator of healthy development during the early years of life. Option A) 1.5 yr is incorrect because by this age, a child's birthweight typically triples, not quadruples. Option C) 2.5 yr is also incorrect as by this age, a child's birthweight would have exceeded quadrupling. Option D) 3 yr is incorrect because by this age, a child's birthweight would have more than quadrupled, indicating further growth and development. Understanding pediatric growth milestones is essential for nurses taking the NCLEX-RN exam as it helps them assess a child's development, detect any potential issues early, and provide appropriate care and interventions. Monitoring growth parameters like birthweight helps healthcare professionals ensure children are progressing as expected and identify any concerns promptly.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The most likely diagnosis for the 1-year-old boy with high-grade fever, conjunctivitis, and a generalized maculopapular rash, especially with a history of an elder sibling having similar complaints 10 days prior, is measles (Option D). Measles typically presents with the described symptoms and is highly contagious, especially among unvaccinated individuals. Educational Context: Measles is a highly infectious viral illness that can lead to serious complications, especially in young children. Recognizing the clinical presentation of measles is crucial for prompt diagnosis and management. This question challenges the test-taker to identify the characteristic symptoms of measles in a pediatric patient. Explanation of Incorrect Options: A) Rubella: Rubella typically presents with a milder rash and less severe systemic symptoms compared to measles. B) Kawasaki Disease: Kawasaki disease presents with fever, mucosal changes, rash, and lymphadenopathy, but does not typically involve conjunctivitis as a prominent feature. C) Scarlet Fever: Scarlet fever is caused by group A Streptococcus and presents with a sandpaper-like rash and strawberry tongue, but typically does not have the classic conjunctivitis seen in measles.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is option D: "Related to underdeveloped judgment and impulse control in adolescence." This answer is correct because during adolescence, the prefrontal cortex of the brain, responsible for decision-making and impulse control, is still developing. This can lead to teenagers engaging in risky behaviors without fully understanding the consequences. Option A, "Typical of young teens," is incorrect because it generalizes all young teens as engaging in risky behavior, which is not always the case. Option B, "Related to hormonal surges during adolescence," is incorrect because while hormonal changes can influence behavior, the primary reason for risky behavior in teens is the underdeveloped brain functions. Option C, "An isolated incident that will not likely happen again," is incorrect because risky behavior in adolescents is often a pattern rather than a one-time event due to their brain development stage. Educationally, understanding the biological basis of adolescent behavior can help parents and caregivers support teens in making better decisions and guiding them towards safer choices. It is essential to provide adolescents with guidance, boundaries, and education on risk-taking behaviors to promote their safety and well-being during this developmental stage.