ATI RN
Maternity and Pediatric Nursing 4th Edition Test Bank Questions
Question 1 of 5
A 2-month-old premature infant born at 30 weeks gestation is scheduled for an inguinal hernia repair. Which of the following preoperative findings would BEST predict an increased risk of postoperative apnea?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Low hemoglobin levels in a premature infant can increase the risk of postoperative apnea due to reduced oxygen-carrying capacity.
Question 2 of 5
Complete bed rest What is the most common congenital heart disease?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The most common congenital heart disease is Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD). VSD is a heart condition present at birth where there is a hole in the wall (septum) separating the lower chambers of the heart (ventricles). This hole allows oxygen-rich blood from the left ventricle to mix with oxygen-poor blood in the right ventricle, leading to increased pulmonary blood flow and potentially causing complications such as pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular hypertrophy. VSD can be classified as an acyanotic heart defect with a left to right shunt. Treatment options for VSD include monitoring, medications, and in some cases, surgical intervention.
Question 3 of 5
A client is scheduled for a prostatectomy, and the anesthesiologist plans to use a spinal (sub-arachnoid) block during surgery. In the operating room, the nurse positions the client according to the anesthesiologist's instructions. Why does the client require special positioning for this type of anesthesia?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Special positioning is required for a spinal (sub-arachnoid) block to prevent cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage. The client is usually positioned in either a sitting or lateral decubitus position to allow for easier access to the spinal canal and ensure proper administration of the anesthesia. Maintaining the correct positioning helps to minimize the risk of CSF leakage, which can result in headaches and potential complications postoperatively. By positioning the client appropriately during the procedure, healthcare providers can optimize the effectiveness of the spinal block while reducing the risk of adverse effects.
Question 4 of 5
A client tells the nurse that she has been working hard for the last 3 months to control her type 2 diabetes mellitus with diet and exercise. To determine the effectiveness of the client's efforts, the nurse should check:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Checking the glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level is the most appropriate way to determine the effectiveness of the client's efforts to control type 2 diabetes mellitus over the past few months. HbA1c provides an average of the blood glucose levels over the past 2-3 months, reflecting how well the client has been managing their diabetes. This test is not affected by recent food intake or physical activity, making it a reliable indicator of long-term glucose control. Unlike fasting blood glucose levels or urine glucose levels, which can fluctuate throughout the day, HbA1c gives a more comprehensive view of glucose control and helps guide treatment decisions.
Question 5 of 5
A patient has iron deficiency anemia. Which of the following foods will best help provide dietary iron?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Lean red meats are a great source of heme iron, which is more easily absorbed by the body compared to non-heme iron found in plant-based sources. Heme iron from animal products is particularly beneficial for individuals with iron deficiency anemia as it can help increase their iron levels more effectively. In addition to lean red meats, other animal sources of heme iron include poultry and fish.