A 16-year-old girl with primary dysmenorrhea, abnormal menses, and pelvic pain presents to her primary care physician for treatment. She has a history of asthma and allergic rhinitis. Her physician begins therapy with oral estradiol. Which of the following is the most common adverse effect for this patient to be aware of?

A 16-year-old girl with primary dysmenorrhea, abnormal menses, and pelvic pain presents to her primary care physician for treatment. She has a history of asthma and allergic rhinitis. Her physician begins therapy with oral estradiol. Which of the following is the most common adverse effect for this patient to be aware of?

A 67-year-old woman with diabetes presents to clinic for an annual visit. She has been doing well over the past, and her hemoglobin \A_{1c is 6.9%. Her fasting cholesterol showed a total cholesterol of 152mg\dL, LDL of 68mg\dL, and HDL of 31mg\dL. Which medication is shown to have the greatest increase in HDL?

A 43-year-old man with a history of low libido and erectile dysfunction presents to his primary care physician for treatment. Physical examination reveals normal testicular size. Serum testosterone is 200mg\dL. He is on treatment with testosterone 1% gel. Which of the following adverse effects is possible as a result of this preparation?

A 42-year-old man is a habitual coffee drinker of caffeinated products. Chronic use of this product has led to his addiction. What is the most likely mechanism of action of caffeine?

A 78-year-old postmenopausal woman has been steadily losing weight over the past 6 months. She has no family history of breast or endometrial cancer. Which steroid hormone could she be given to increase her appetite?