ATI RN
Infectious Disease Pediatric Questions
Question 1 of 5
A 16-month-old infant present with high fever, cough, coryza, and conjunctivitis; after 3 days a macular rash begins on the head and spreads over most of the body. On examination; cervical lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, and temperature 40°C. CBC reveals WBC count 3000/mm³ The severity of this illness is MOST likely related to the extent of
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Measles severity correlates with leukopenia (D), reflecting immune suppression and infection intensity, more than rash (A), fever (B), cough (C), or splenomegaly (E), per pediatric infectious disease data.
Question 2 of 5
A 5-year-old child (who had neurosurgical procedure before 1 month) presented with fever, headache, repeated vomiting, and nuchal rigidity; Kemig and Brudzinski are positive; cerebrospinal fluid findings are (leukocytes 550/μL with PMNs predominate), protein (120 mg/dL), and glucose (44 mg/dL); serum glucose (118 mg/dL). Of the following, the MOST common organism that cause this condition is
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Post-neurosurgery meningitis is most commonly caused by Staphylococcus (A), often skin flora like S. aureus or epidermidis, per infectious disease data.
Question 3 of 5
Of the following, the MOST common viral cause of common cold is
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Rhinoviruses (B) cause ~50% of common colds, per virology data, outranking others (A, C, D, E).
Question 4 of 5
A 7-year-old child presented with persistent mucopurulent rhinorrhea, nasal stuffiness, headache and cough, mainly at night preceded by history flue like illness; on examination there are facial swelling and tenderness. Of the following, the major predisposing factor for the development of this condition is
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Sinusitis here follows a flu-like illness (common cold, D), the primary predisposing factor via obstruction and infection, per pediatric sinusitis data.
Question 5 of 5
A 2-year-old child presented with recurrent attacks of stridor and harsh cough, sudden in onset mainly at night with no fever; most of the time the stridor relieved during the trip to hospital. Of the following, the MOST likely diagnosis is
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Spasmodic croup (C) features recurrent, sudden nocturnal stridor and cough without fever, often resolving spontaneously, per pediatric ENT.