ATI RN
Pharmacology CNS Drugs Quizlet Questions
Question 1 of 5
A 15-year-old boy presents to clinic for follow-up for his tonic-clonic seizures. He reports that he has not had a seizure in the past 6 months. However, he has been more tired recently and is unsure why. A complete blood count is performed and shows megaloblastic anemia. The physician told the patient that this was most likely a side effect of his antiseizure medication. What is the most likely medication he was taking?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.
Question 2 of 5
A 48-year-old woman with refractory seizure disorder has failed every antiseizure medication on her local pharmacy formulary. She is considered to be truly refractory to medical therapy and undergoes vagal nerve stimulation. The most plausible mechanism of action of this therapy is which of the following?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.
Question 3 of 5
Effects of morphine on the GIT include all of the following EXCEPT:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Morphine affects the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) via mu-opioid receptors. Decreased gastric motility slows emptying, contributing to nausea and constipation. Decreased biliary, pancreatic, and intestinal secretions result from opioid-induced smooth muscle relaxation and reduced exocrine activity. Increased intrabiliary pressure stems from sphincter of Oddi constriction, potentially causing biliary colic. However, morphine decreases, not increases, propulsive peristaltic waves in the colon (choice A), leading to constipation by enhancing non-propulsive contractions and reducing motility. This mischaracterization makes it the exception. Recognizing these effects is critical for managing opioid side effects, particularly constipation, a common patient complaint requiring adjunctive therapy.
Question 4 of 5
The following has a selective morphine like effect on G.I.T.:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Loperamide (choice A), a mu-opioid agonist, acts peripherally on GIT receptors, reducing motility and treating diarrhea without significant CNS effects due to poor blood-brain barrier penetration. Pentazocine (choice B), a mixed agonist-antagonist, and Heroin (choice C), a full agonist, primarily affect the CNS, not selectively the GIT. Neostigmine (choice D), a cholinesterase inhibitor, increases motility, opposing morphine's effect. Loperamide's selective GIT action makes it ideal for diarrhea, distinguishing it from systemic opioids.
Question 5 of 5
Regarding methyl-xanthines, the following statement is WRONG:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Methylxanthines (e.g., caffeine, theophylline) stimulate the CNS (choice A), dilate most vessels except cerebral (choice B), and relax bronchi (choice C), aiding asthma. They aren't contraindicated in gout (choice D); they don't affect uric acid metabolism like allopurinol does. This incorrect statement highlights their respiratory and CNS utility, not gout relevance.